I.

A bay-window once settled the choice of my house and compensated for many of its inconveniences.  When the chimney smoked, or the doors alternately shrunk and swelled, resisting any forcible attempt to open them, or opening of themselves with ghostly deliberation, or when suspicious blotches appeared on the ceiling in rainy weather, there was always the bay-window to turn to for comfort.  And the view was a fine one.  Alcatraz, Lime Point, Fort Point, and Saucelito were plainly visible over a restless expanse of water that changed continually, glittering in the sunlight, darkening in rocky shadow, or sweeping in mimic waves on a miniature beach below.

Although at first the bay-window was supposed to be sacred to myself and my writing materials, in obedience to some organic law, it by and by became a general lounging-place.  A rocking-chair and crochet basket one day found their way there.  Then the baby invaded its recesses, fortifying himself behind intrenchments of colored worsteds and spools of cotton, from which he was only dislodged by concerted assault, and carried lamenting into captivity.  A subtle glamour crept over all who came within its influence.  To apply one’s self to serious work there was an absurdity.  An incoming ship, a gleam on the water, a cloud lingering about Tamalpais, were enough to distract the attention.  Reading or writing, the bay-window was always showing something to be looked at.  Unfortunately, these views were not always pleasant, but the window gave equal prominence and importance to all, without respect to quality.

The landscape in the vicinity was unimproved, but not rural.  The adjacent lots had apparently just given up bearing scrub-oaks, but had not seriously taken to bricks and mortar.  In one direction the vista was closed by the Home of the Inebriates, not in itself a cheerful-looking building, and, as the apparent terminus of a ramble in a certain direction, having all the effect of a moral lesson.  To a certain extent, however, this building was an imposition.  The enthusiastic members of my family, who confidently expected to see its inmates hilariously disporting themselves at its windows in the different stages of inebriation portrayed by the late W. E. Burton, were much disappointed.  The Home was reticent of its secrets.  The County Hospital, also in range of the bay-window, showed much more animation.  At certain hours of the day convalescents passed in review before the window on their way to an airing.  This spectacle was the still more depressing from a singular lack of sociability that appeared to prevail among them.  Each man was encompassed by the impenetrable atmosphere of his own peculiar suffering.  They did not talk or walk together.  From the window I have seen half a dozen sunning themselves against a wall within a few feet of each other, to all appearance utterly oblivious of the fact.  Had they but quarrelled or fought, ­anything would have been better than this horrible apathy.

The lower end of the street on which the bay-window was situate, opened invitingly from a popular thoroughfare; and after beckoning the unwary stranger into its recesses, ended unexpectedly at a frightful precipice.  On Sundays, when the travel North-Beachwards was considerable, the bay-window delighted in the spectacle afforded by unhappy pedestrians who were seduced into taking this street as a short-cut somewhere else.  It was amusing to notice how these people invariably, on coming to the precipice, glanced upward to the bay-window and endeavored to assume a careless air before they retraced their steps, whistling ostentatiously, as if they had previously known all about it.  One high-spirited young man in particular, being incited thereto by a pair of mischievous bright eyes in an opposite window, actually descended this fearful precipice rather than return, to the great peril of life and limb, and manifest injury to his Sunday clothes.

Dogs, goats, and horses constituted the fauna of our neighborhood.  Possessing the lawless freedom of their normal condition, they still evinced a tender attachment to man and his habitations.  Spirited steeds got up extempore races on the sidewalks, turning the street into a miniature Corso; dogs wrangled in the areas; while from the hill beside the house a goat browsed peacefully upon my wife’s geraniums in the flower-pots of the second-story window.  “We had a fine hail-storm last night,” remarked a newly arrived neighbor, who had just moved into the adjoining house.  It would have been a pity to set him right, as he was quite enthusiastic about the view and the general sanitary qualifications of the locality.  So I didn’t tell him anything about the goats who were in the habit of using his house as a stepping-stone to the adjoining hill.

But the locality was remarkably healthy.  People who fell down the embankments found their wounds heal rapidly in the steady sea-breeze.  Ventilation was complete and thorough.  The opening of the bay-window produced a current of wholesome air which effectually removed all noxious exhalations, together with the curtains, the hinges of the back door, and the window-shutters.  Owing to this peculiarity, some of my writings acquired an extensive circulation and publicity in the neighborhood, which years in another locality might not have produced.  Several articles of wearing apparel, which were mysteriously transposed from our clothes-line to that of an humble though honest neighbor, was undoubtedly the result of these sanitary winds.  Yet in spite of these advantages I found it convenient in a few months to move.  And the result whereof I shall communicate in other papers.

II.

“A house with a fine garden and extensive shrubbery, in a genteel neighborhood,” were, if I remember rightly, the general terms of an advertisement which once decided my choice of a dwelling.  I should add that this occurred at an early stage of my household experience, when I placed a trustful reliance in advertisements.  I have since learned that the most truthful people are apt to indulge a slight vein of exaggeration in describing their own possessions, as though the mere circumstance of going into print were an excuse for a certain kind of mendacity.  But I did not fully awaken to this fact until a much later period, when, in answering an advertisement which described a highly advantageous tenement, I was referred to the house I then occupied, and from which a thousand inconveniences were impelling me to move.

The “fine garden” alluded to was not large, but contained several peculiarly shaped flower-beds.  I was at first struck with the singular resemblance which they bore to the mutton-chops that are usually brought on the table at hotels and restaurants, ­a resemblance the more striking from the sprigs of parsley which they produced freely.  One plat in particular reminded me, not unpleasantly, of a peculiar cake, known to my boyhood as “a bolivar.”  The owner of the property, however, who seemed to be a man of original aesthetic ideas, had banked up one of these beds with bright-colored sea-shells, so that in rainy weather it suggested an aquarium, and offered the elements of botanical and conchological study in pleasing juxtaposition.  I have since thought that the fish-geraniums, which it also bore to a surprising extent, were introduced originally from some such idea of consistency.  But it was very pleasant, after dinner, to ramble up and down the gravelly paths (whose occasional boulders reminded me of the dry bed of a somewhat circuitous mining stream), smoking a cigar, or inhaling the rich aroma of fennel, or occasionally stopping to pluck one of the hollyhocks with which the garden abounded.  The prolific qualities of this plant alarmed us greatly, for although, in the first transport of enthusiasm, my wife planted several different kinds of flower-seeds, nothing ever came up but hollyhocks; and although, impelled by the same laudable impulse, I procured a copy of “Downing’s Landscape Gardening,” and a few gardening tools, and worked for several hours in the garden, my efforts were equally futile.

The “extensive shrubbery” consisted of several dwarfed trees.  One was a very weak young weeping willow, so very limp and maudlin, and so evidently bent on establishing its reputation, that it had to be tied up against the house for support.  The dampness of that portion of the house was usually attributed to the presence of this lachrymose shrub.  And to these a couple of highly objectionable trees, known, I think, by the name of Malva, which made an inordinate show of cheap blossoms that they were continually shedding, and one or two dwarf oaks, with scaly leaves and a generally spiteful exterior, and you have what was not inaptly termed by our Milesian handmaid “the scrubbery.”

The gentility of our neighbor suffered a blight from the unwholesome vicinity of McGinnis Court.  This court was a kind of cul de sac that, on being penetrated, discovered a primitive people living in a state of barbarous freedom, and apparently spending the greater portion of their lives on their own door-steps.  Many of those details of the toilet which a popular prejudice restricts to the dressing-room in other localities, were here performed in the open court without fear and without reproach.  Early in the week the court was hid in a choking, soapy mist, which arose from innumerable washtubs.  This was followed in a day or two later by an extraordinary exhibition of wearing apparel of divers colors, fluttering on lines like a display of bunting on ship-board, and whose flapping in the breeze was like irregular discharges of musketry.  It was evident also that the court exercised a demoralizing influence over the whole neighborhood.  A sanguine property-owner once put up a handsome dwelling on the corner of our street, and lived therein; but although he appeared frequently on his balcony, clad in a bright crimson dressing-gown, which made him look like a tropical bird of some rare and gorgeous species, he failed to woo any kindred dressing-gown to the vicinity, and only provoked opprobrious epithets from the gamins of the court.  He moved away shortly after, and on going by the house one day, I noticed a bill of “Rooms to let, with board,” posted conspicuously on the Corinthian columns of the porch.  McGinnis Court had triumphed.  An interchange of civilities at once took place between the court and the servants’ area of the palatial mansion, and some of the young men boarders exchange playful slang with the adolescent members of the court.  From that moment we felt that our claims to gentility were forever abandoned.

Yet, we enjoyed intervals of unalloyed contentment.  When the twilight toned down the hard outlines of the oaks, and made shadowy clumps and formless masses of other bushes, it was quite romantic to sit by the window and inhale the faint, sad odor of the fennel in the walks below.  Perhaps this economical pleasure was much enhanced by a picture in my memory, whose faded colors the odor of this humble plant never failed to restore.  So I often sat there of evenings and closed my eyes until the forms and benches of a country schoolroom came back to me, redolent with the incense of fennel covertly stowed away in my desk, and gazed again in silent rapture on the round, red cheeks and long black braids of that peerless creature whose glance had often caused my cheeks to glow over the preternatural collar, which at that period of my boyhood it was my pride and privilege to wear.  As I fear I may be often thought hypercritical and censorious in these articles, I am willing to record this as one of the advantages of our new house, not mentioned in the advertisement, nor chargeable in the rent.  May the present tenant, who is a stock-broker, and who impresses me with the idea of having always been called “Mr.” from his cradle up, enjoy this advantage, and try sometimes to remember he was a boy!

III.

Soon after I moved into Happy Valley I was struck with the remarkable infelicity of its title.  Generous as Californians are in the use of adjectives, this passed into the domain of irony.  But I was inclined to think it sincere, ­the production of a weak but gushing mind, just as the feminine nomenclature of streets in the vicinity was evidently bestowed by one in habitual communion with “Friendship’s Gifts” and “Affection’s Offerings.”

Our house on Laura Matilda Street looked somewhat like a toy Swiss Cottage, ­a style of architecture so prevalent, that in walking down the block it was quite difficult to resist an impression of fresh glue and pine shavings.  The few shade-trees might have belonged originally to those oval Christmas boxes which contain toy villages; and even the people who sat by the windows had a stiffness that made them appear surprisingly unreal and artificial.  A little dog belonging to a neighbor was known to the members of my household by the name of “Glass,” from the general suggestion he gave of having been spun of that article.  Perhaps I have somewhat exaggerated these illustrations of the dapper nicety of our neighborhood, ­a neatness and conciseness which I think have a general tendency to belittle, dwarf, and contract their objects.  For we gradually fell into small ways and narrow ideas, and to some extent squared the round world outside to the correct angles of Laura Matilda Street.

One reason for this insincere quality may have been the fact that the very foundations of our neighborhood were artificial.  Laura Matilda Street was “made ground.”  The land, not yet quite reclaimed, was continually struggling with its old enemy.  We had not been long in our new home before we found an older tenant, not yet wholly divested of his rights, who sometimes showed himself in clammy perspiration on the basement walls, whose damp breath chilled our dining-room, and in the night struck a mortal chilliness through the house.  There were no patent fastenings that could keep him out, ­no writ of unlawful detainer that could eject him.  In the winter his presence was quite palpable; he sapped the roots of the trees, he gurgled under the kitchen floor, he wrought an unwholesome greenness on the side of the veranda.  In summer he became invisible, but still exercised a familiar influence over the locality.  He planted little stitches in the small of the back, sought out old aches and weak joints, and sportively punched the tenants of the Swiss Cottage under the ribs.  He inveigled little children to play with him, but his plays generally ended in scarlet fever, diphtheria, whooping-cough, and measles.  He sometimes followed strong men about until they sickened suddenly and took to their beds.  But he kept the green-plants in good order, and was very fond of verdure, bestowing it even upon lath and plaster and soulless stone.  He was generally invisible, as I have said; but some time after I had moved, I saw him one morning from the hill stretching his gray wings over the valley, like some fabulous vampire, who had spent the night sucking the wholesome juices of the sleepers below, and was sluggish from the effects of his repast.  It was then that I recognized him as Malaria, and knew his abode to be the dread Valley of the shadow of Miasma, ­miscalled the Happy Valley!

On week days there was a pleasant melody of boiler-making from the foundries, and the gas works in the vicinity sometimes lent a mild perfume to the breeze.  Our street was usually quiet, however, ­a footfall being sufficient to draw the inhabitants to their front windows, and to oblige an incautious trespasser to run the gauntlet of batteries of blue and black eyes on either side of the way.  A carriage passing through it communicated a singular thrill to the floors, and caused the china on the dining-table to rattle.  Although we were comparatively free from the prevailing winds, wandering gusts sometimes got bewildered and strayed unconsciously into our street, and finding an unencumbered field, incontinently set up a shriek of joy, and went gleefully to work on the clothes-lines and chimney-pots, and had a good time generally until they were quite exhausted.  I have a very vivid picture in my memory of an organ-grinder who was at one time blown into the end of our street, and actually blown through it in spite of several ineffectual efforts to come to a stand before the different dwellings, but who was finally whirled out of the other extremity, still playing and vainly endeavoring to pursue his unhallowed calling.  But these were noteworthy exceptions to the calm and even tenor of our life.

There was contiguity but not much sociability in our neighborhood.  From my bedroom window I could plainly distinguish the peculiar kind of victuals spread on my neighbor’s dining-table; while, on the other hand, he obtained an equally uninterrupted view of the mysteries of my toilet.  Still, that “low vice, curiosity,” was regulated by certain laws, and a kind of rude chivalry invested our observation.  A pretty girl, whose bedroom window was the cynosure of neighboring eyes, was once brought under the focus of an opera-glass in the hands of one of our ingenuous youth; but this act met such prompt and universal condemnation, as an unmanly advantage, from the lips of married men and bachelors who didn’t own opera-glasses, that it was never repeated.

With this brief sketch I conclude my record of the neighborhoods I have moved from.  I have moved from many others since then, but they have generally presented features not dissimilar to the three I have endeavored to describe in these pages.  I offer them as types containing the salient peculiarities of all.  Let no inconsiderate reader rashly move on account of them.  My experience has not been cheaply bought.  From the nettle Change I have tried to pluck the flower Security.  Draymen have grown rich at my expense.  House-agents have known me and were glad, and landlords have risen up to meet me from afar.  The force of habit impels me still to consult all the bills I see in the streets, nor can the war telegrams divert my first attention from the advertising columns of the daily papers.  I repeat, let no man think I have disclosed the weaknesses of the neighborhood, nor rashly open that closet which contains the secret skeleton of his dwelling.  My carpets have been altered to fit all sized odd-shaped apartments from parallelopiped to hexagons.  Much of my furniture has been distributed among my former dwellings.  These limbs have stretched upon uncarpeted floors, or have been let down suddenly from imperfectly established bedsteads.  I have dined in the parlor and slept in the back kitchen.  Yet the result of these sacrifices and trials may be briefly summed up in the statement that I am now on the eve of removal from my present neighborhood.