658. Directions for Making Pies. To succeed in making good pastry the following rules should be observed: Flour should be of the best quality, dry and sifted before using. Butter, unless fresh, should be washed several times in cold water and dried in a napkin. Lard should be sweet, and is best when tried out from leaf lard. If suet is used it should be fresh, chopped fine and freed from all skin. During the process of chopping it should be dredged with flour. Beef dripping should be clarified, and if the dripping has any odor or by-taste a very disagreeable flavor will be imparted to the paste. Strict cleanliness must be observed. All utensils used for pastry making should be clean and kept exclusively for that purpose. Prepare the crust as quickly as possible and do not touch it with your hands any more than necessary. When the crust is ready take a pie plate (agate pie plates are the best) and dust it with flour; do not grease it with butter or lard. Cut off a portion of the crust, roll it out thin, lay it over the plate, press it down lightly with the hand, set the plate in front of you, press with the palms of both hands against the edge of plate and cut the paste which hangs over the edge off with your fingers. The plate is then ready to receive the ingredients of which the pie is to be made. If pumpkin, cocoanut or custard pie is to be made, brush the surface of crust over with beaten egg and sprinkle over 2 tablespoonfuls finely sifted bread or cracker crumbs; then fill in the mixture. This keeps the crust dry and prevents it from being heavy. Pies that are made of stewed or preserved fruit should also be treated the same way. For fine meringue pies the crust should be baked before the mixture is put in. This is done in the following manner: Line the pie plate with crust and brush the edge over with beaten egg; then roll some pie crust very thin, cut it into strips 1 inch wide and cut one side of the strips into scallops with a knife; wet the edge of crust on the pie plate with beaten egg or water; then lay the strip around the edge of plate so the scallops stand a little above the edge; next lay some thin, buttered brown paper into the plate all over the crust, fill the plate with dry peas and bake it in a medium hot oven till crust is done; then take it from the oven, remove paper and peas, fill in the mixture and bake again till pie is done; draw the pie to front of oven, spread over the meringue and let it remain in oven for a few minutes; then transfer it to a cool place and serve col or 2 quarts of dry peas should be kept for this purpose only. They may be put away in a box or glass jar and can then be used several times. If the peas should at any time become rancid from the butter or lard of which the pie crust is made, pour boiling water over them and drain and rub thoroughly with a dry towel; then spread them apart on shallow tins and when dry put away until wanted again. Instead of peas the pie plate may be filled with pieces of stale bread, which can then be used for bread crumbs; but peas are best for this purpose.

659. Pie Crust (quick and good). 2 cups flour, 1/2 teaspoonful salt, 1/2 cup ice water and 1 cup lard; sift flour and salt in a bowl, add the lard and chop it fine with a knife in the flour; add the water and mix it with the same knife into a stiff paste; put the paste on a floured board and work it for a few minutes with the knife; take a portion from it and roll it out thin; line a pie plate with it and fill the plate with the ingredients the pie is to be made of; roll out another portion of paste and spread over the top 1/2 tablespoonful lard; lay this over the pie with the lard side up, press the paste off which hangs over the edge of plate with your hands and place the pie in oven to bake. This crust is excellent, inexpensive and quickly made; sufficient for 2 large pies.

660. Rich Pie Crust. 1/2 pound flour, 1/2 teaspoonful salt, 1/2 pound lard and 1/2 cup ice water; sift flour and salt into a bowl, add the water and mix it into a paste; put the paste on a floured board and work it thoroughly for 5 minutes, or until it does not stick to the hands; then roll it out into a square about an inch in thickness; also shape the lard into a square, but 1 inch smaller than the paste; lay it in center of paste, fold the paste over and place it for 1/2 hour on ice; then put it on the board again, dust it under and over with flour, roll it out 3 times as long as wide with a rolling pin, fold over one-third to the center, roll over it once, fold the other end over that, so the paste is three double, roll over it once with the rolling pin, turn the paste around, roll it out again 3 times as long as wide, fold it up the same way as before and set the paste again for 1/2 hour on ice; repeat the folding and rolling twice more and let it rest each time for 1/2 hour; when ready to make the pie roll a portion of the paste out very thin, line pie plate as directed with it and fill the plate with the ingredients the pie is to be made of; roll out another portion of the paste, spread the top thickly with lard, lay the paste over the pie with the lard side up and remove the paste which hangs over the edge of plate by pressing against the edge with the palm of your hand; sufficient for 2 large pies.

661. Fine Pie Crust. 1 pound flour, 1 teaspoonful salt, 1/2 pint ice water, 1/2 pound lard, 6 ounces butter and the yolk of 1 egg; sift flour and salt in a bowl, add 1/2 the lard and chop it fine in the flour with a knife; put the yolk in the ice water and beat it with an egg beater till it foams; then add it to the flour and mix it with the same knife into a stiff paste; turn the paste onto a floured board and roll it into a square piece about an inch in thickness; form the remaining lard and the butter also into a square piece, but 1-1/2 inches smaller on all sides; lay it in center of paste, fold it over the lard and butter together, first from right and left, then from and towards you; lay the paste onto a plate and let it rest for 1/2 hour on ice; then put it on a board, dust under and over with flour and roll it out 3 times as long as wide, rolling always from you; fold over one-third to the center, roll over it once with the rolling pin, fold the other end over that, so the paste is 3 double, roll over it once with a rolling pin, turn the paste around, roll it out again 3 times as long as wide, fold it up the same as above and set the paste again for 1/2 hour on ice or in a cool place; repeat the rolling out and folding up twice more and let it rest each time 1/2 hour; after the last rolling let it rest 10 minutes and then use as directed; sufficient for 4 large pies.

662. Family Pie Crust. 1/2 pound butter, 6 ounces lard, 1 pound flour, 1 cup ice water and 1/2 teaspoonful salt; sift flour and salt into a bowl, add the lard and chop it up with a broad-bladed knife into the flour until it is very fine; next pour in the ice water and mix it with the same knife into a smooth paste; turn it onto a floured board, dust under and over with flour and roll it out 1 inch in thickness; divide the butter into 3 parts; put 1 part in small bits in regular rows all over the paste; then fold it up, first the right side towards the left, then the left side towards the right, so the paste has 3 thicknesses; turn it around, roll it out again the same way, put over the second part of butter, fold it up and roll out again the same way; put over the third part of butter, fold it up and roll it out twice more; let it rest for 1 hour on ice or in a cool place; then use; while the rolling and folding is going on flour must be sprinkled under and over the paste; the rolling pin must be kept floured, to keep the paste from sticking to it. This paste may be made the day before it is to be used, and if it stands for 2 or 3 days it will not hurt it as long as the paste is kept in a cool place; sufficient for 4 large pies.

663. Fine Paste for Meat Pies, Patties and Baked Apple Dumplings. Put 1 pound sifted flour on a paste board, make a hollow in center and put in the yolks of 3 eggs and 1/2 pound butter; work this quickly with your hands into a stiff paste, adding by degrees a little ice water; then roll it out 1 inch in thickness and fold the right and left side to the center, so they meet together; then fold the other two sides over to the center the same way and set it for 1 hour on ice or in a cool place; when that time has expired lay the paste onto a floured board, roll it out 3 times as long as wide, fold one-third over to the center, roll over it once with the rolling pin, fold the other third over that, so the paste has 3 layers, roll out again 3 times as long as wide, fold it up the same way, let it rest for 1/2 hour and roll and fold it up once more; then use. This paste is excellent for chicken, oyster, pigeon or beefsteak pie; also for baked apple dumplings and fine patties; sufficient for 1 large pie or for 9 apple dumplings.

664. Puff Paste. 1 pound flour, a pinch of salt, 1 cup ice water and 1 pound butter; sift flour in a bowl, add salt and ice water and mix it into a smooth paste; work it thoroughly on the board with your hands for 5 minutes, cover and set it for 20 minutes on ice; knead the butter well in ice water, to remove the salt, and dry it in a napkin; put the paste onto a floured board and roll it out into a square about 1-1/2 inches in thickness; press the butter flat, also into a square, but smaller than the paste; lay the butter in center of paste and fold the paste first from the right and left side; then from you and towards you over the butter together; turn the paste over with the folded side towards the board; dust under and over a little flour and roll the paste out 3 times as long as wide; fold the lower third over the center and roll over it once with the rolling pin; then fold over that the upper third, so the paste is three double; roll over it once with the rolling pin; turn the paste around, roll it out again 3 times as long as wide, fold it again 3 double, lay it on a plate and set the paste for 1 hour on ice; then roll it out again and fold the same way twice; let it rest for 1/2 hour on ice; roll and fold it twice more, so the paste has been rolled out and folded up 6 times; after the last rolling let it rest for 20 minutes and then use. The rolling out and folding together must be done with the greatest care, so the layers fit exactly over one another, as the whole success depends upon this. The paste has attained its greatest lightness when rolled and folded together 6 times; if it is rolled out oftener it will loose in lightness; and if it is to be used where lightness is not wanted it must be rolled and folded together from 8 to 10 times. Puff paste is best made in a cool place, and if handy on a marble slab.

665. Short Paste (Muerber Teig German art). 1/2 pound sifted flour, 6 ounces butter, the yolks of 4 eggs, a pinch of salt, 1 tablespoonful sugar and the grated rind of 1/2 lemon; knead the butter in ice water, to remove the salt, and dry it in a napkin; put the flour on a board, make a hollow in center, put in the yolks, lemon, sugar, salt and butter and work it quickly into a smooth dough with your hands; set it on ice for 1 hour before using. Another way: 1/2 cup butter, the yolks of 3 eggs, 4 tablespoonfuls cream, 1/2 tablespoonful sugar, a pinch of salt and 1/2 pound flour; mix these ingredients together the same as above. Short paste (or Muerber Teig) is used a great deal in Germany the same as pie crust in America, and is excellent when made right. A very nice pie is made as follows: Roll the paste out very thin, cover a pie plate with it (one which is not very deep), cut off what hangs over the edge of plate, spread a thick layer of any kind of fruit marmalade over it, cover with a thin layer of the paste and bake in a quick oven; or bake thin layers of the paste the same as Jelly Cake, and when done lay 2 together with jelly, fruit marmalade or whipped cream between them. Another way to use it is: Roll the paste out 1/8 of an inch in thickness, cut it into rounds with a cake cutter, brush them over with beaten egg and sprinkle chopped nuts and sugar over them; bake in a medium hot oven and serve with wine.

666. Neapolitan Paste. Scald 5 ounces almonds in boiling water and let them lay for a few minutes; then remove the brown skins and pound the almonds fine in a wedgewood mortar with the yolks of 4 eggs and 1 tablespoonful powdered sugar; sift 1 pound flour on a pastry board, make a hollow in center, put in 3/4 pound butter, 1/2 pound powdered sugar, the almonds, 1 whole egg and 1 yolk and the finely chopped peel of 1 lemon; work this into a stiff paste and set it for 1 hour on ice before using.

667. Florentinian Paste. Sift 1 pound flour on a pastry board, make a hollow in center, put in 1 cup butter, 1 cup sugar, 5 ounces grated chocolate, 2 whole eggs and the yolks of 5 hard boiled eggs rubbed through a sieve; add a little cinnamon and vanilla; knead this into a smooth paste and let it stand for 1 hour in a cool place before using.

668. Almond Paste. Pour boiling water over 1/2 pound almonds, remove the brown skins, let the almonds lay in cold water for 24 hours and change the water 2 or 3 times; then pound the almonds in a wedgewood mortar with 2 tablespoonfuls water and the juice of 1/2 lemon; press them through a sieve and mix with 1/2 pound powdered sugar into a stiff paste; put the paste into a porcelain-lined saucepan and stir over the fire until it loosens itself from bottom of saucepan; remove the paste from the fire and when cold put some powdered sugar on a pastry board, lay the paste on the sugar and work it into a round ball; then set it in a cool place 1 hour before using.

669. Boiled Paste (Pate a choux). Place a saucepan with 1 pint water or milk over the fire and add 1 cup butter, 1-1/2 tablespoonfuls sugar, 1/4 teaspoonful salt and the peel of 1 lemon; as soon as it boils sprinkle in slowly, stirring constantly, 1 pint sifted flour; continue stirring until it has formed into a smooth paste and loosens itself from bottom of saucepan; transfer the paste to a dish and let it cool; then mix it by degrees with 8 whole eggs and use for cream cakes, chocolate éclairs and other small cakes.

670. Nudels. Sift 1 cup flour in a bowl and add a pinch of salt, a piece of butter the size of a hazel nut, 1 egg and 1 tablespoonful water; mix this into a stiff paste and work it well on a board so it does not stick to the hands; then divide it into 4 equal parts; roll each part out as thin as paper and let them lay on a board to dry for 10 minutes; then cut them into strips 1 inch wide; lay 4 strips over one another and cut them as fine as possible, like fine straws; when all are cut scatter the nudels all over the board and let them lay till dry; then use or put them away in a box; they will keep for some time. The yolks of 2 eggs may be used instead of 1 whole egg. Nudels are used for puddings or souflees and serve as a dessert; they are also largely used in soup. They should always be put into boiling water, soup or milk and boiled 10 minutes when wanted for use.

671. Mince Pie. 1 pound finely chopped boiled beef, 1/2 pound finely chopped suet, 1 pound well washed and dried currants, 1 pound stoned raisins, 1 pound finely cut citron, 1 pound sugar, 1/2 teaspoonful salt, the juice and a little grated rind of 2 oranges, the juice and grated rind of 1 lemon, 1 pint cider, 1/2 pint brandy, 1/2 pint sherry wine, 1 teaspoonful ground cloves, 1 teaspoonful cinnamon, 1 teaspoonful mace, 1 grated nutmeg and 3 pounds finely chopped apples; mix all the ingredients well together and use; sufficient for 6 good sized pies. If this mince meat, is to be kept for any length of time omit the apples and fill the mince meat into glass jars; close tightly and keep them in a cool place. It will then keep all winter. When wanted to make pies of take 1 jar at a time and mix the mince meat with an equal portion of chopped apples; line 2 pie plates with rich pie crust, fill them with the mince meat, cover with same crust as directed (see Directions for Pies), cut a small opening in center and one on each side of upper crust and place the pie in a medium hot oven to bake; when done remove it from oven and pour a little good brandy in center, sides and openings and serve warm. Mince pies will keep in a cool place for two weeks, but they should always be put for 10 or 15 minutes in the oven to heat through before serving. For a large quantity of mince meat put 8 pounds beef off the round in a kettle of boiling water, add 1 tablespoonful salt and boil till tender; when done remove the kettle from the fire and set aside to cool; then take out the meat, remove all skin, fat and hard part and chop the meat as fine as possible; then weigh the chopped meat and take for each pound the same ingredients as in above recipe; put it away in well closed jars without the apples.

672. Mock Mince Pie. 3 finely rolled soda crackers, 1 cup well washed currants, 1/2 cup stoned raisins, 1/2 cup finely cut citron, 1/2 teaspoonful ground cloves, 1 teaspoonful cinnamon, 1/2 grated nutmeg, 1/2 teaspoonful salt, 1 tablespoonful butter, 1/2 cup sugar, 1/2 cup molasses, 1/2 cup brandy or wine, the juice of 1 orange and a little grated rind, the juice and grated rind of 1/2 lemon and 1/4 pound dried apples; wash and stew the dried apples till tender; add the 1/2 cup sugar and sufficient boiling water to make 3 cupfuls stewed apples; set aside to cool; then mix them first with the rolled soda crackers, by degrees with all the other ingredients and use as directed for pies; sufficient for 3 medium sized pies or 2 large ones. A good plan is to leave a small opening in center of upper crust and when the pies are done pour a little brandy into it.

673. Apple Pie, N. Line a pie plate with crust as directed (see Directions for Pies); pare, quarter and cut greening or pippin apples into fine slices; fill the plate with apples, sprinkle over some sugar (about 2 tablespoonfuls for a medium sized pie), cover with crust and bake till apples are done and the crust has attained a delicate light brown color. If the flavor is liked a pinch of cinnamon and nutmeg may be added. In the spring of the year the juice of 1/2 lemon squeezed over the apples of each pie is a great improvement, as the apples have lost a great part of their flavor. Apple pies are best when eaten the same day they are baked. If they stand over till next day they should be put in the oven for about 10 minutes 1 hour before serving. They will then be as good as fresh pies; otherwise the crust is apt to be tough.

674. Apple Pie, N. Make an apple pie the same as in foregoing recipe; put 1/2 tablespoonful butter in small bits over the apples, grate over a very little nutmeg and a pinch of cinnamon, add no sugar, leave a small opening in center of upper crust and bake until done; in the meantime boil 1 cup sugar with 1/2 cup water 5 minutes; when the pie is done put a small funnel in the opening in center of upper crust and pour the syrup carefully through it into the pie; set the pie aside and serve when cold. The pie plate should be deep and large for this pie.

675. Apple Pie, N. Line a large, deep pie plate with fine pie crust, fill the plate with finely cut tart apples, sprinkle over 1/2 cup sugar, dust over a little flour and cover with crust; leave a small opening in center of upper crust and bake till done; 10 minutes before the pie is taken from the oven put a small funnel in the opening in the center of upper crust and pour carefully 1/2 cup sweet hot cider through the funnel into the pie; when done remove the pie from oven and serve when cold. Another way is: Stew the apple peels and cores in water till tender; then strain them through a coarse bag, return the liquid to saucepan and boil 10 minutes; then add for 1 cup liquid 1 cup sugar, boil 10 minutes longer and pour the hot syrup into the pie in place of cider.

676. Apple-Citron Pie. Line a deep pie plate with rich pie crust, fill it with finely cut tart apples, lay small pieces of butter between the apples, sprinkle over each pie 1/2 cup sugar and 1/2 cup finely cut citron, add 2 tablespoonfuls currant or apple jelly, cover with crust and bake till done.

677. Apple Meringue Pie. Press 1 pint stewed apples through a sieve, sweeten to taste and add the juice of 1/2 lemon, a little grated nutmeg and the yolks of 4 eggs; line a pie plate with crust, cover with buttered paper, fill the plate with dried peas and bake till crust is a light brown; remove paper and peas, fill in the mixture, return pie to oven and bake till done; in the meantime beat the 4 whites to a stiff froth and add 1 tablespoonful powdered sugar and a little essence of lemon; when pie is done draw it to front of oven, spread over the meringue and let it remain for a few minutes longer in oven; then take it out and serve when cold.

678. Dried Apple Pie. Wash 1/2 pound dried apples, put them in a saucepan with plenty of cold water, cover and place saucepan over the fire and stew till done; then add 1 cup sugar; pour the apples into a dish and set aside; when cold line 2 pie plates with fine pie crust, brush the surface of crust over with beaten egg and sprinkle over some bread or zwieback crumbs; fill in the stewed apples, cover with crust and bake till done. Dried peaches or apricots can be used the same way.

679. Tutti Frutti Pie. Pare and cut fine 10 large tart apples, put them with 2 tablespoonfuls butter in a saucepan over the fire and add 6 tablespoonfuls sugar, 2 tablespoonfuls finely cut citron, 1/2 cup seedless raisins, the same quantity of well washed currants and the grated rind of 1/2 orange or lemon; stir this over the fire till apples are soft and add 1/2 cup currant or apple jelly; line a pie plate with fine pie crust, fill the plate full with the apples, cover with crust, in which a small opening should be cut in center, and bake till done; boil the peels and cores of apples with a little water till tender; strain them through a jelly bag, return the liquid to saucepan and boil 10 minutes; add to 1 cup liquid 1 cup sugar and boil 5 minutes longer; when pie is done take it from the oven, put a small funnel into the opening in center, pour carefully some of the apple syrup through the funnel into the pie and serve when cold.

680. Cherry Pie. Line a pie plate with crust and remove the pits from 1 quart nice, ripe cherries; fill the fruit into the plate, sprinkle over some sugar and dust over a little flour; cover with top crust, with a small opening in center, and bake in a medium hot oven; in the meantime stew 1 cup cherries in a little water till tender; strain them, return the liquid to saucepan and boil 5 minutes; add to 1 cup liquid 1 cup sugar and continue the boiling for 5 minutes; remove from fire, add a little brandy or wine and pour this syrup, when pie is done, through a funnel into the pie. Another way is: Do not stone the cherries; after the plate is lined with crust fill it full with cherries, dust over some flour, sprinkle them with sugar and add 3 tablespoonfuls water to each pie; cover with crust and bake till done. Another way is: Boil 1/2 cup currant juice with 1/2 cup sugar for 5 minutes and when the pie (made like the first one) is done pour the currant syrup through a small funnel into the pie. This is an excellent way to give cherries which have not much flavor a nice taste.

681. Banana Pie. 4 large bananas, 1 cup milk, 4 eggs, 1/2 cup sugar, 1/2 tablespoonful melted butter and 1 teaspoonful essence of vanilla; remove the skins and press the bananas through a sieve; mix them with the 4 yolks, sugar, milk, melted butter and vanilla; line a deep pie plate with crust, ornament the edge, lay in a piece of buttered brown paper, fill the plate with dry peas or with pieces of stale bread and bake till done; remove it from oven, free the plate from paper and peas, return the plate for a few minutes to oven again, fill in the banana mixture and bake till done; in the meantime beat the whites to a stiff froth and add 1 tablespoonful powdered sugar; draw the pie to front of oven, spread over the meringue, let it remain for a few minutes longer in oven, take it out, set it in a cool place and serve ice cold.

682. Pineapple Pie. Pare 1 ripe pineapple, remove the eyes and hard core in center and chop it fine; line a deep pie plate with fine pie crust, fill it with the finely chopped pineapple, sprinkle over 1 small cup sugar and dust a little flour over; cover the pie with crust and bake a light brown and well done; put the eyes and cores of the pineapple with 6 greening apples cut into pieces in a saucepan, nearly cover them with water and boil till tender; then strain through a bag, return the liquid to saucepan and boil 20 minutes; then add for 1 cup liquid 1 cup sugar, boil 5 minutes and fill the jelly into tumblers. This makes an excellent pineapple jelly.

683. Pineapple Pie (with Meringue). 1 large, ripe pineapple, 1/2 cup milk, 1 cup sugar, the yolks of 4 eggs, 1 whole egg and 1/2 tablespoonful butter; pare and grate the pineapple; then mix it with the sugar and other ingredients; melt the butter before adding it; line a deep pie plate with fine pie crust, cover with buttered paper, fill it with dry peas and bake till done; take it from the oven, remove the paper and peas, fill in the pineapple mixture and bake till done; in the meantime make the meringue, as follows:

Beat the 4 whites to a stiff froth and mix it with 1 tablespoonful powdered sugar; when pie is done draw it to front of oven, spread over the meringue and return the pie for a few minutes to oven again till the meringue is a light brown; serve ice cold. This will make 1 large pie, sufficient for a family of 8 persons.

684. Prune Pie. Wash and soak 1 pound prunes for 4 hours in cold water, drain them in a colander, remove the stones, put the prunes in a dish, pour over 1 cup cold water and let them stand over night; next morning line 2 pie plates with crust, put in the prunes with the liquor, sprinkle over some sugar and a little flour, cover with top crust and bake till light brown and well done. Another way is: Stew the prunes in a little water, remove the stones, sweeten the prunes with sugar, add the juice of 1/2 lemon and finish as above.

685. Peach Pie. Pare and slice some large, ripe peaches; line a pie plate with crust, fill it with the peaches, sprinkle over some sugar and bake with an upper crust.

686. Peach Meringue Pie. Line a large, deep pie plate with a rich pie crust, brush the surface of crust over with the beaten white of egg and sprinkle over 2 tablespoonfuls finely sifted bread or cracker crumbs; take 1 can preserved peaches, drain off the liquor, put them in the pie plate (with the hollow side up), sprinkle over a little flour, a few spoonfuls sugar, pour over some of the liquor and bake in a medium hot oven till done; in the meantime make the meringue, as follows: Beat the whites of 5 eggs to a froth, mix them with 2 tablespoonfuls powdered sugar and flavor with a little essence of vanilla; when pie is done draw it to front of oven, spread over the meringue and bake for a few minutes longer; remove it from the oven and set the pie in a cool place; serve cold; sufficient for 10 persons.

687. Peach Mountain Pie. Pare 1 dozen medium sized peaches; line a large deep pie plate with pie crust, fill the plate with the whole peaches, sprinkle over 3/4 cup sugar, cover with a thin crust and bake in a medium hot oven.

688. Plum Pie. Remove the pits from some ripe plums, sprinkle the fruit thickly with sugar and let them stand for 1/2 hour; line a pie plate with crust, put in the plums, cover with crust and bake till done.

689. Cranberry Pie. Wash and stew 1 quart cranberries with 1 cup water; when done press them through a colander or coarse sieve, return the cranberries to saucepan, add 2 cups sugar and boil and stir for 5 minutes; then set aside to cool; line a pie plate with fine crust, brush the surface of crust over with the beaten white of egg and sprinkle over 2 tablespoonfuls finely sifted bread crumbs; put in some of the cranberries, about 1/2 inch thick, and cover with crossbars of crust (lattice-like); bake a light brown and well done; serve cold.

690. Gooseberry Pie. Top, tail and wash the berries, put them into a pie plate lined with crust, sprinkle plenty of sugar among them, cover with crust and bake till done.

691. Blackberry Pie. Line a deep pie plate with crust; have some ripe blackberries washed and drained; fill the plate with the berries, sprinkle over some sugar, pour into each pie 1 tablespoonful vinegar, dust over a little flour, cover with crust and bake a light brown and well done.

692. Huckleberry Pie. Wash and drain some ripe huckleberries; line a pie plate with crust and cover the bottom of crust with 2 tablespoonfuls finely rolled zwieback; next fill the plate with the berries, sprinkle sugar between and over the fruit, add a little more zwieback, cover with crust and bake in a medium hot oven to a light brown and well done; serve cold dusted with sugar.

693. Currant Pie. Wash and strip some ripe currants and mix them with the same quantity of sugar; line a pie plate with fine pie crust, fill it with the fruit, dust over some flour, cover with top crust, press the edges firmly together and bake till done and to a light brown. Raspberries and currants may be used together for this pie.

694. Rhubarb Custard Pie. Stew 2 cups finely cut rhubarb with 2 cups sugar and 1/2 cup water; when done strain the rhubarb through a sieve and mix it with 2 well beaten eggs; have a deep pie plate lined with rich pie crust, fill in the mixture, lay fine strips of pie crust across the pie (lattice-like), place the pie in a hot oven and bake till the custard is firm and the crust a light brown.

695. Rhubarb Pie. Line a pie plate with some rich pie crust; remove the skin from some fresh rhubarb and cut it into fine pieces; take for every cup rhubarb 1 cup sugar, fill it into the plate and dust over a little flour; cover with crust and bake till done, which requires about 1/2 hour; serve cold dusted with powdered sugar.

696. Rhubarb Meringue Pie. Place a saucepan with 2 cups finely cut rhubarb, 2 cups sugar and 1/2 cup water over the fire and stew 20 minutes; when done press the rhubarb through a sieve, add the beaten yolks of 4 eggs and set aside; line a deep pie plate with crust, ornament the edge, cover with buttered paper, fill the plate with dry peas and bake till crust is a light brown; then remove paper and peas, fill the plate with the rhubarb mixture and bake about 15 minutes; beat the 4 whites to a stiff froth and mix them with 1 tablespoonful powdered sugar; draw the pie to front of oven, spread over the meringue, bake for a few minutes longer and serve when cold.

697. Sweet Potato Pie. 3 medium sized sweet potatoes, 3 eggs, 1 pint milk, 1/2 cup sugar, 1 tablespoonful butter, 1 teaspoonful ginger, 1/2 teaspoonful cinnamon, 1/2 grated nutmeg and 1/4 teaspoonful salt; boil the potatoes until done; scrape off the skin and press the potatoes through a sieve or colander; mix them first with the eggs and salt, then add the melted butter, sugar and spice and lastly the milk; line a large, deep pie plate with rich pie crust, fill in the mixture and bake till done; serve when cold.

698. Pumpkin Pie. Pare and cut a medium sized pumpkin into pieces, remove the pits, put the pumpkin in a kettle, cover with boiling water, add 1/2 tablespoonful salt and boil till tender; when done put the pumpkin into a colander and drain off all the water; then press it through the colander; measure the strained pumpkin and take for every quart of it 1 pint milk, 1/2 tablespoonful melted butter, 1-1/2 cups sugar, 3 eggs, 2 teaspoonfuls cornstarch mixed with the milk and 1 teaspoonful ground ginger; mix all the ingredients together; dust some deep pie plates with flour, line them with pie crust and brush the surface of crust all over with beaten egg; roll out some pie crust and cut it into strips 1 inch wide; cut one side of the strips into scallops and lay it around the edge of plate so the scallops stand a little above the edge of plate; brush the strip over with beaten egg and sprinkle 2 tablespoonfuls fine bread or cracker crumbs over the crust (this keeps the pumpkin from sogging into the crust); fill the plate with the pumpkin mixture, grate over the top some nutmeg and bake till done; when the pumpkin is firm to the touch of your finger and a little brown on top the pie is done; remove it from oven, set in a cool place and serve when cold. A medium sized pumpkin will make 4 medium sized pies. A good plan if the family is small is to fill some of the boiled pumpkin as soon as done, boiling hot, into glass jars. Close the jars at once and set them in a cool place. When wanted for use open the jar, turn the pumpkin into a colander, drain off all the water, press the pumpkin through a colander and finish the same as above.

699. Custard Pie. Stir 5 eggs with 5 tablespoonfuls sugar to a cream and add 2 tablespoonfuls essence of vanilla or lemon and 1 quart milk; line a large, deep pie plate with crust, brush the surface of crust all over with the beaten white of egg and sprinkle over 2 tablespoonfuls finely sifted bread or cracker crumbs; pour in the custard, grate over the top some nutmeg and bake in a hot oven till custard is firm. Care must be taken to remove the pie as soon as done, otherwise it will curdle. To ascertain when pie is done stick the handle of a teaspoon into center of custard. If no milk is to be seen and the custard is thick the pie is baked. Remove at once and serve ice cold.

700. Cocoanut Pie. To make 2 large pies take 3 pints milk, 6 eggs, 3 cups freshly grated cocoanut, a pinch of salt, 1-1/2 cups sugar and 1-1/2 teaspoonfuls essence of vanilla; stir sugar and eggs to a cream and add the milk, salt and flavoring; take a large cocoanut, remove the shell without breaking the cocoanut, pare off the brown skin and grate the cocoanut; add 3 cups of the grated cocoanut to the other ingredients; line 2 large, deep pie plates with crust, brush the surface of crust over with the beaten white of egg and sprinkle over 2 tablespoonfuls fine bread or cracker crumbs; fill the plates with the cocoanut mixture and bake in a hot oven till firm and a light brown on top; when done remove it from oven and serve cold.

701. Lemon Cocoanut Pie. 1 pint milk, 4 large eggs, 1-1/2 cups sugar, the grated rind and juice of 1 large lemon, 2 cups freshly grated cocoanut and 1/2 tablespoonful butter; put milk and butter in a saucepan to boil; stir the 4 yolks and sugar to a cream and add the grated rind and juice of lemon; when this is well mixed add gradually, stirring constantly, the boiling milk; when cold add the grated cocoanut; in the meantime line a large, deep pie plate with pie crust, ornament the edge with a strip of crust cut into scallops, brush the surface of crust all over with beaten egg and sprinkle over 2 tablespoonfuls fine bread or cracker crumbs; pour in the cocoanut mixture and bake in a hot oven. While the pie is baking prepare the following meringue: Beat the 4 whites to a stiff froth and add 1 tablespoonful powdered sugar and a little essence of lemon; as soon as the pie is done take it from the oven, spread over the meringue, make it smooth with a broad-bladed knife dipped in water and return the pie to the oven for 2 minutes; then set it in a cool place and serve very cold.

702. Chocolate Cream Pie. Place a saucepan with 2 tablespoonfuls grated chocolate, 1 pint milk and 1/2 cup sugar over the fire; add 2 tablespoonfuls cornstarch and stir and boil for a few minutes; remove from the fire and add 1 teaspoonful essence of vanilla, when cold mix it with the yolks of 4 eggs and finish the same as Vanilla Cream Pie.

703. Vanilla Cream Pie. Line a large, deep pie plate with crust, lay over it a piece of buttered paper, fill the plate with dry peas or pieces of stale bread and bake till crust is a light brown; in the meantime boil 1 cup milk with 1 tablespoonful butter and a pinch of salt; mix 2 tablespoonfuls sifted flour with 1 cup cold milk to a smooth batter and stir it into the boiling milk; continue stirring and boiling for a few minutes; remove it from fire and let it cool a little; stir the yolks of 4 eggs to a cream with 3-1/2 tablespoonfuls sugar; stir this into the above mixture and flavor with 1-1/2 teaspoonfuls essence of vanilla; when the crust is done remove paper and peas, fill in the mixture and bake 10 minutes; in the meantime beat the 4 whites to a stiff froth and mix it with 1 tablespoonful powdered sugar; draw the pie to front of oven and spread over the meringue; set the pie for a few minutes in the oven and serve when cold.

704. Orange Cream Pie. 1-1/2 cups milk, 3/4 cup sugar, 1-1/2 tablespoonfuls cornstarch, 1/2 tablespoonful butter, 4 eggs, the juice of 3 oranges, the grated rind of 1 and a pinch of salt; put cornstarch, butter, milk and salt in a small saucepan, set it in a vessel of boiling water and stir over the fire till the contents of saucepan thicken; then remove it from fire and set aside; stir the yolks of 4 eggs with the 3/4 cup sugar to a cream, add it to the boiled cornstarch and lastly stir in gradually the juice and grated rind of oranges; line a deep pie plate with fine pie crust, lay over it a piece of buttered brown paper, fill the plate with dry peas or pieces of stale bread and bake till crust is a light brown; remove the paper and peas, fill in the cream and bake till’ done; in the meantime beat the 4 whites to a stiff froth and add 1 tablespoonful powdered sugar and a little essence of vanilla; when pie is done draw it to front of oven and spread over the meringue; return it for a few minutes to oven; then set the pie in a cool place and serve ice cold.

705. Lemon Cream Pie. Boil 1 cup milk with 1/2 tablespoonful butter and a pinch of salt; mix 1-1/2 tablespoonfuls cornstarch with 1/2 cup cold milk and stir it into the boiling milk; continue stirring and boil for a few minutes; remove it from fire and set aside to cool; stir the yolks of 4 eggs with 1 cup sugar to a cream and add the grated rind of 1 lemon and the juice of 2; stir this into the cold cream; line a deep pie plate with fine pie crust, ornament the edge with a border, cover it with buttered brown paper, fill the plate with dry peas or pieces of stale bread and bake till crust is a light brown; remove the paper and peas, put in the cream mixture and bake about 10 minutes; in the meantime beat the 4 whites to a stiff froth and add 1 tablespoonful powdered sugar and a little essence of lemon; when the pie is done draw it to front of oven and spread over the meringue; return the pie for a few minutes to oven; then set it in a cool place and serve cold.

706. Fine Lemon Pie (with an Upper Crust). The yolks of 3 eggs, 1 whole egg, 1 cup sugar, the juice and grated rind of 1 large lemon and 1/2 tablespoonful butter; stir the 3 yolks to a cream and add the grated peel and juice of lemon; put the butter in a small saucepan over the fire; as soon as melted add the yolks and stir the whole over the fire to a creamy thickness; then remove from fire; when cold mix it with the sugar and the whole egg; line a pie plate (one which is not very deep) with fine pie crust, brush the surface of crust over with the beaten white of egg, sprinkle over 2 tablespoonfuls fine bread crumbs and put in the lemon mixture; cover with a thin crust and bake in a medium hot oven to a light brown; serve when cold.

707. Lemon Pie (plain). Mix 1 tablespoonful cornstarch with 1/2 cup cold water, add 1/2 cup boiling water, 3/4 cup sugar and boil for a few minutes; remove from fire, add the juice of 1 lemon, 1/2 the grated rind, 1 egg and set aside to cool; line a pie plate with crust, put in the mixture, cover with a thin, rich crust and bake a light brown; serve cold dusted with sugar.

708. Lemon Meringue Pie. 5 large eggs, 1/2 tablespoonful butter, 1 cup sugar and the juice and grated rind of 1 large lemon; beat 4 yolks to a cream and add the grated rind and juice of lemon; put the butter in a small saucepan over the fire; as soon as melted add the beaten yolks and stir over the fire to a creamy thickness; remove it from fire and when cold mix with 1 cup sugar and 1 whole egg; next line a large (not too deep) pie plate with fine pie crust, ornament the edge either with the pastry wheel or lay strips of paste around the edge cut on one side into scallops, brush the surface of crust all over with beaten egg and sprinkle over a little finely sifted bread or cracker crumbs; put in the lemon mixture, put the pie into a medium hot oven and bake till done; in the meantime beat the 4 remaining whites to a stiff froth and add 2 tablespoonfuls sifted powdered sugar and a little grated lemon peel; when the pie is done take it from the oven just long enough to spread over the meringue; return it again to oven for a few minutes and serve when cold.

709. D’Artois (or Pie of Marmalade). Divide 1/2 pound puff paste into 2 parts; roll one part out into a thin square piece and spread over it, 1/2 inch thick, apple marmalade 1/2 inch from the edge; roll out the remaining half into a piece of same size, hold it on the rolling pin and lay over the marmalade; wet the edge of first paste and press the 2 edges together; cut the top paste with a sharp knife into strips, first lengthwise, then crosswise, like lattice work; put in a tin pan and bake in a medium hot oven to a delicate brown; when done dust powdered sugar over and let it remain for a few minutes in the oven to glaze; then remove and serve when cold. Any kind of marmalade or cream may be used.

710. Allnumettes. Roll out 1 pound puff paste 16 inches long and 5 inches wide and spread over a clear icing made as follows: Beat the white of 1 egg to a froth, add 4 tablespoonfuls powdered sugar, 2 drops lemon juice and beat it for 5 minutes; spread this over the rolled out paste, let it lay for a few minutes, cut it into 8 pieces and bake in a quick oven from 45 to 50 minutes.

711. Jelly Tarts. Roll the puff paste 1 inch in thickness and cut it into rounds with a biscuit cutter; brush a long tin pan over with water, so as just to dampen the pan, and then lay the rounds in the pan with the side which was rolled towards the pan and not too close together; brush the top over with beaten egg, being careful not to let any of the egg run down the sides: then dip a smaller cake cutter into hot water, press it on each round 1/8 of an inch deep to form the cover; the cake cutter must be dipped in the hot water each time for each round; then bake them in a hot oven to a golden color; when the tarts are done take them out, cut the cover loose with a pointed knife and lift it off; hollow the tarts out a little with your finger; when ready to serve fill them with jelly. These tarts may be filled with stewed oysters or clams. They are then called Oyster or Clam Patties.

712. Tarts. Line some small patty pans with rich pie crust or puff paste and fill them with either fruit marmalade of peaches, apricots, cherries or any kind of preserved or stewed fruit; roll the paste which is left out thin and cut it into strips 1/4 inch in width; lay them over the tarts like lattice work, brush over with beaten egg and bake in a hot oven.

713. Peach Tarts. Pare and cut some nice, ripe peaches into halves and boil them for 5 minutes in sugar syrup; take them out and set aside to cool; boil the syrup 5 minutes longer; line some patty pans with rich puff paste or pie crust, put into each a piece of buttered paper, fill them with dry peas and bake in a hot oven till nearly done; remove the paper and peas and fill each one with the peaches and a little syrup; return them to the oven again and bake till done; serve when cold.

714. Apple Tarts. Pare and cut into fine slices 1/2 dozen large tart apples and put them in a small saucepan with 1 tablespoonful butter, 3 tablespoonfuls sugar, 1/2 cup seedless raisins, currants and finely cut citron; mix, cover and let it simmer over the fire till apples are soft, but not broken; remove them from fire; add 2 tablespoonfuls currant or apple jelly, mix it with the apples and finish the same as Cranberry Tarts.

715. Rice Tarts. Line 12 small forms with rich pie crust or puff paste; put 1/2 pound rice with cold water over the fire and boil a few minutes; drain the rice in a colander and rinse with cold water; return the rice to saucepan; cover with sweet cream or milk, add 1 tablespoonful butter and boil till tender; remove it from the fire and mix the rice with the yolks of 4 eggs, 3 tablespoonfuls sugar, 1 teaspoonful vanilla extract and lastly the 4 whites beaten to a stiff froth; fill the rice into the small forms and bake in a medium hot oven 20 minutes; when done take them out of the forms, arrange on a long dish with a napkin, dust over with powdered sugar and serve either hot or cold.

716. Tartelettes of Cherries. Roll out 1 pound short paste 1/4 inch in thickness and cut out with a tumbler or round cake cutter 20 rounds about 2 inches in diameter; roll out the remaining paste and cut it into long strips 1/2 inch wide and 1/8 inch thick; lay these strips around the top edge of each round and ornament them with the pastry wheel by pressing small dents in it with the wheel; lay around each a strip of white paper, fasten the two ends with the white of egg (to keep it in its place) and set them in shallow tins; remove the pits from 2 pounds cherries, mix the fruit with sugar and fill them into the tartelettes; then bake in a hot oven; in the meantime crack the pits of cherries, put them over the fire with a little water and boil 5 minutes; then strain; mix in a bowl 1 cup sour cream with 2 rolled zwiebacks, the yolks of 2 eggs, 2 tablespoonfuls sugar and 2 tablespoonfuls of the strained water from the pits; when the tartelettes are nearly done fill 1 spoonful of the above mixture into each one and return them to oven again until the cream is firm; take them from oven, remove the paper and serve when cold dusted with sugar.

717. Tartelettes of peaches, plums or apricots are made the same as cherries, but without the cream.

718. Tartelettes d’apricots. Line 1/2 dozen small patty pans with puff paste or fine pie crust and fill them half full with apricot marmalade; cut 9 apricots in halves, peel them and remove the pits; boil the apricots for 2 minutes in sugar syrup, lay a half apricot into each tartelette and bake in hot oven; in the meantime boil the syrup until thick; crack the pits, take out the kernels, scald them in boiling water, remove the brown skins and divide them into halves; when the tartelettes are done take them out of the form, lay onto each one 2 halves of the kernels and pour a little of the cold syrup into each one; serve when cold.

719. Tartelettes of peaches, plums, apples, cherries, currants, raspberries or gooseberries are made the same way as apricots.

720. Tartelettes of Strawberries. Roll out 1/2 pound puff paste about 1/8 inch in thickness and cut out with a round cake cutter 10 rounds; lay them into 10 small buttered patty pans and press the paste in evenly; let the paste stand a little higher than the pan; mix flour and water to a stiff dough, divide it into 10 equal parts the size of a walnut, roll it out into balls and put into each form a ball; press them in firmly and bake in a hot oven; when done draw them to front of oven, dust over with sugar and return them to oven again so they obtain a glaze; then remove the inside water dough and set the tarts aside to cool; roll out thin the remaining puff paste and cut out small rings; lay them on shallow buttered tins, dust them with sugar and bake in a slow oven; press 1/2 pint strawberries through a sieve and mix them with 3 tablespoonfuls powdered sugar; wash and drain 1/2 quart strawberries, put them in a dish, pour the mashed strawberries over the whole fruit and fill them into the tartelettes; lay onto each one 2 rings and serve them on a napkin. Raspberries and currants stewed together may be used instead of strawberries. Stewed cherries, peaches, apricots, plums or any kind of preserved fruit may also be used.

721. Fleurons of Puff Paste. Roll the puff paste out 1/8 inch in thickness, cut it with a cake cutter into shapes of half moons, lay them on tins, brush over with beaten egg and bake in a quick oven. Fleurons are used for garnishing dishes.

722. Fanchonnettes de crème. Line 12 small patty forms with short paste (Muerber Teig) and put into each one a thin layer of fruit marmalade; put 4 whole eggs into a saucepan and beat them to a froth; add 1 pint sweet cream or milk, 3 tablespoonfuls sifted flour, a pinch of salt, 1 heaping tablespoonful butter and 4 tablespoonfuls sugar; stir this over the fire till it boils; then add 10 macaroons rolled fine; fill the patty forms 1/2 full with the boiled cream when cold and bake in a medium hot oven; when done take them out of the form and fill them full with the remaining cream; when cold spread over some marmalade, squirt over the top a little meringue and serve on a napkin.

723. D’Artois Meringues. Prepare 1/2 pound puff paste, roll out and fold over 10 times; line a large pie plate with it, spread over a thick layer of pineapple marmalade and bake in a medium hot oven; when done draw it to front of oven and spread over a thick meringue; cut the pie into pieces, move them a little apart, lay on each one a few strips of blanched almonds, dust over some sugar and set for 15 minutes into a cool oven to dry.

724. Condés. Chop fine 6 ounces blanched almonds and mix them with 3 tablespoonfuls powdered sugar and the beaten whites of 1 or 2 eggs; roll out some rich puff paste very thin, spread over the almond mixture and dust over some powdered sugar; cut them into finger lengths 2 inches wide and bake in a slow oven.

725. Small Royal Cakes. Prepare a puff paste and roll it out thin about 1/4 of an inch in thickness; mix 6 ounces powdered sugar with the beaten whites of 2 eggs; spread this over the rolled out paste, cut it into strips of 1-1/2 inches wide and 3-1/2 inches long, lay them in shallow tin pans and bake in a slow oven to a delicate brown.

726. Pate a choux. Place a saucepan over the fire with 1 pint water or milk, 1/2 pound butter, 1-1/2 tablespoonfuls sugar, the grated rind of 1 lemon and a pinch of salt; as soon as it boils add slowly 1/2 pound sifted flour, stirring constantly; stir until it forms into a smooth paste and loosens itself from bottom of saucepan; transfer the paste to a dish and when cooled off a little mix it by degrees with 6 or 8 eggs. This paste should be soft, but must not run apart when dropped on a tin.

727. Chocolate Éclairs. Prepare a pate a choux, put it into a pastry bag or paper funnel and squirt it upon buttered tins in long narrow cakes 4 inches long and 1 inch wide; brush over with beaten egg and bake in a medium hot oven; when done brush them over with boiled chocolate glaze and set for a few minutes in oven again; then set them aside in a cool place; shortly before serving cut each one open on the side and fill with vanilla cream. For cream cakes drop this mixture (by tablespoonfuls) onto buttered tins, not too close together and in the form of round cake; when cold slit them open on one side and fill with vanilla cream.

728. Canapés. Prepare a puff paste and roll it out 1/2 inch in thickness; cut it out into square pieces of 2 inches wide, cut these again into strips of 1/2 inch wide, lay them with the cut side in a shallow tin pan, not too close together, and bake in a hot oven; when done draw them to front of oven, dust with sugar and let them remain in oven a few minutes longer to glaze; put two and two together with jelly between; or they may be served single.

729. Cannelous. Prepare 1 pound puff paste and roll it out 8 times, instead of 6; then take about 18 connelonghoelzer (they consist of round pieces of wood about 5 inches long and a finger thick, and can be bought at wholesale confectioneries) and rub each piece of wood over with butter; roll the paste out very thin and cut it into strips of about 1 inch wide and 9 inches long; wind a strip of the paste around each piece of wood, snake-like, brush them over with beaten egg, lay them in shallow tins and bake in a quick oven; when done remove the pieces of wood and when cold fill the cannelous with whipped cream flavored with vanilla and sweetened with sugar.

730. Vole-au-vent. Carefully prepare 1 pound puff paste and roll and fold it 6 times; great care must be taken in doing this, as the whole result depends upon it; after the last rolling let it lay in summer 1/2 hour on ice, in winter in a cold place; when ready to use roll the paste out 1 inch in thickness, place the dish on which the vol-au-veut is to be served upside down onto the paste and cut off the paste from the dish; turn the paste around and lay it on a tin which has been dampened with water; make with the back of a knife a few dents in it around the edge, brush the top over with beaten egg and make with the point of a knife a slight incision in the paste all round the top about 1-1/2 inches from the edge; this forms the cover; bake in a very hot oven; do not open the oven for 10 minutes; then open and if the vol-au-veut is a light brown cover with paper and bake from 3/4 to 1 hour; when done remove the cover, put the vol-au-veut onto the dish it was made to fit and set it for a few minutes in the oven to dry; then fill with either ragoûts or fricasseed chickens, birds, rabbits or pigeons, put on the cover and serve; or fill it with fresh or preserved fruit and serve as a dessert.

731. Vole-au-vent (with Strawberries and Whipped Cream). Roll out some carefully made puff paste 3/4 inch in thickness and cut it out with a fluted cutter the desired shape, either round or oval; make a slight incision in the paste 1 inch from the edge and bake in a very hot oven; when nearly done brush it over with white of egg, dust with sugar and put it back in the oven to glaze; when done remove the interior, or soft crumbs, and fill the vol-au-veut shortly before serving with fresh strawberries sweetened with sugar and cover them with whipped cream.

732. Vole-au-vent (with Currants and Raspberries.) Prepare a vol-au-veut the same as in foregoing recipe; strip some large, ripe, cherry currants from their stems, put them in a colander with the same quantity of raspberries, let cold water run over and drain them well; put the fruit into a dish with plenty of sugar, mix them up with 2 silver forks and let it stand in a cool place for several hours; shortly before serving put the fruit into the vol-au-veut, put over the cover, again dust with sugar and serve.

733. Vole-au-vent (with Peaches and Cream) is made the same as strawberries. Preserved pineapples, apricots, cherries or plums may be used in the same manner; also oranges peeled and cut into slices, freed from their pits and well sugared. Put into the vol-au-veut and serve either covered with its own cover or whipped cream. Makes an excellent dish for dessert.

734. Neapolitan Breads. Mix a finely chopped orange peel (only the yellow part) with 1/2 pound neapolitan paste; divide it into small pieces the size of a walnut, roll these lengthwise about 1/2 finger thick, bread 3 together, brush them over with beaten egg and bake in a medium hot oven; or the paste may be rolled into long, thin rolls, breaded together and then cut into lengths 2-1/2 inches long.

735. Viennoises. Stir 1/2 cup butter with 1/2 cup powdered sugar to a cream and add the yolks of 5 eggs, 1 teaspoonful vanilla extract, 1-1/2 cups sifted flour, 1/4 cup cornstarch and lastly the beaten whites of 2 eggs; spread this over a sheet of buttered paper 1/2 inch in thickness, lay the paper in a shallow tin and bake in a slow oven; when done cut the cake into 2 pieces; cover one piece with pineapple or peach marmalade and lay the other piece over it; also cover the top with marmalade and glaze the whole with wine glaze; then cut the cake at once into small, long pieces and set them in the oven again for a few minutes.

736. Almond Tartelettes. Pound 1/4 pound blanched almonds with 1/4 cup water in a mortar to a paste and press it through a sieve; mix it with 1/4 pound powdered sugar; next add the beaten whites of 4 eggs and the juice of 1/4 orange; have 1/2 pound puff paste prepared, rolled out and folded 10 times; line 8 or 10 small tin patty forms with the paste, fill them 3/4 full with the above almond mixture and bake in a medium hot oven; when nearly done draw them to front of oven, dust over some fine sugar and bake till done.

737. Puites d’amour. Prepare 10 ounces puff paste and roll it out 1/2 inch in thickness; cut out into 20 rounds, about 2 inches in diameter, with a scalloped tin cake cutter; cut a round piece out of the center of each one, so that only a ring remains; roll out the remaining paste the same way, cut out 20 rounds, lay them in a tin pan and brush over with the white of egg; put on the rings, brush the top over with beaten egg and bake in a hot oven; when done dust them over with sugar and let them remain for a few minutes longer in oven to glaze; remove and shortly before serving fill them either with whipped cream sweetened and flavored with vanilla or some preserved fruit. Note. Care must be taken not to get any egg on the outside of tart, as this will prevent the rising.

738. Neapolitans. Take neapolitan paste, roll it out thin, brush over with egg and bake in buttered tins to a light brown color; when done cut the cake into two pieces; spread one piece with fruit marmalade or jelly and lay the other over it; cut the whole into small pieces, pour over a wine or maraschino glaze and set them for a few minutes in the oven.

739. D’Artois Grilles. Prepare 1/2 pound puff paste, roll it out and fold over 10 times; roll out one-half into a thin, square piece; put this into a square, shallow tin pan, wet the edge with beaten white of egg, spread over a thick layer of apricot or peach marmalade and over this a thick layer of apple marmalade 1 inch from edge; roll out the remaining paste, cut into strips, lay it over the marmalade like lattice work, brush over with beaten egg and bake; when done dust over some sugar, let it remain for a few minutes longer in the oven and cut into pieces when cold. Another way is to line a pie plate with puff paste, spread over a layer of apple marmalade flavored with vanilla and bake; when done spread over a thin layer of apricot marmalade and pour over this a sugar glaze; make it smooth with a knife and cut into pieces before the glaze becomes hard.

740. Cream Tarts. Line small patty forms with short paste (Muerber Teig), fill them with vanilla cream (see Cream) and bake in a hot oven; when done spread a thin layer of peach marmalade over the cream, pour over the marmalade a little lemon glaze and let them dry for a few minutes in front of oven; mix the beaten white of 1 egg with 3/4 cup sugar and 3 drops lemon juice; put this into a paper funnel, squirt a wreath over the glaze and put 1/2 teaspoonful apple jelly in the center.

741. Fine Pineapple Tarts. Line some small patty forms with neapolitan paste and bake in a quick oven to a delicate brown; when done squirt round the edge a rim of meringue, sprinkle finely chopped almonds or pistachio nuts over and let them dry for a few minutes in oven; shortly before serving fill the tarts with finely cut preserved pineapple and pour a little pineapple syrup over them.

742. Gooseberry Tarts. Remove the tops and ends of 1 quart gooseberries, put them in a saucepan, cover with boiling water and let them boil 3 minutes; pour them into a colander, drain off the water and put them into a dish; sprinkle over 1 cup sugar, add a little white wine and let them stand till cold; then finish the same as Cranberry Tarts.

743. Grape Tarts are made the same as Cranberry Tarts.

744. Cranberry Tarts. Boil 1 quart cranberries with 1 cup water till they are soft; then press them through a coarse sieve, put the pulp into a saucepan and boil 5 minutes, stirring constantly; then add 1 pound brown sugar and stir until it is dissolved; line 1-1/2 dozen patty pans with puff paste, put into each one a small piece of buttered paper, fill them with dry peas and bake in a hot oven till nearly done; then take them from the oven, remove paper and peas, fill each tart with the stewed cranberries, return them to the oven again and bake till done; serve cold.

745. Fanchonnettes de pommes. Line 12 patty forms with short paste (Muerber Teig), fill them half full with apricot marmalade mixed with apple marmalade and bake in a medium hot oven till done; when done take them out of the form, fill evenly with marmalade and put over the top a meringue; set them in a long, shallow pan and return for a few minutes longer to oven; arrange them on a long dish with napkin and just before serving put a little currant jelly on top of each; serve cold.

746. Darioles a la vanille. Line 10 small patty forms with puff paste which has been rolled out 10 times; mix 1 tablespoonful flour and 1 tablespoonful cornstarch with 1-1/2 cups milk or cream and add 1 whole egg, the yolks of 3, 2 tablespoonfuls sugar and 1 teaspoonful vanilla extract; when this is well mixed press it through a sieve and add 6 macaroons broken into small pieces; 20 minutes before serving fill the forms 3/4 full with this cream and bake in a hot oven; as soon as the cream is firm draw them to front of oven and dust with sugar; let them remain a minute longer in oven; then remove, take them out of the form and serve at once on a napkin. Grated orange peel may be substituted for vanilla, lemon or almond flavor.

747. Flan de fruits printaniers. Roll out 1/2 pound short paste (Muerber Teig) 1/8 of an inch thick and lay over it a large pie plate or round tin cover 12 inches in diameter; cut the paste off close to the edge of plate, lift off the plate and put the round piece of paste onto a large buttered tin or thick brown paper; next prepare a warm paste (pate a choux), put it into a paper funnel and squirt a border 1 inch high on the surface on top of the round close to the edge; then squirt small rills towards the center of round, so that the flau can be cut by these rills and each piece has a border of the paste; then squirt into each compartment 2 rills, so that each piece has 2 compartments; brush the whole over with beaten egg and bake a light brown; take an equal quantity of currants, raspberries and strawberries, sprinkle them thickly with sugar and set in a cool place; then cut some preserved peaches into pieces and add finely cut preserved pineapple and preserved pitted cherries; reduce the liquor of the 3 preserves by boiling it down; then set it aside to cool; when the flau is done remove it from oven and set aside to cool; shortly before serving cut the flau into pieces, lay them on a large, round plate on a napkin (or take a round teatray) and arrange the pieces so that the flau has its original form again; next put into each compartment the fruit; arrange it tastily, pour a little syrup over each one, brush the border over with syrup and serve.

748. Flan de Cerises a la crème. Line a deep jelly cake tin or pie plate with short paste and fill it with pitted red cherries; sprinkle over some sugar and set the flau in a medium hot oven to bake; in the meantime mix together the yolks of 3 eggs, 1/2 cup sour cream, 6 finely chopped almonds and 2 tablespoonfuls finely rolled zwieback; when the flau is nearly done pour the mixture over and let it bake till done; serve cold dusted with fine sugar.

749. Flan de frangipane. Line a large, deep pie plate with fine pie crust or short paste, fill it half full of cream frangipane flavored with a little grated rind and juice of orange and bake in a medium hot oven; when done slip the flau onto a large plate; remove the brown crust on top of cream and spread over a layer of marmalade or jelly; fill up the plate with cream, spread over this a thin layer of marmalade and pour over the top a maraschino or wine jelly glaze.

750. Flan de pommes a l’anglaise. Line a deep pie plate with short paste (Muerber Teig), spread over a thick layer of apricot marmalade, fill up the plate with finely cut tart apples, sprinkle over some sugar and bake in a medium hot oven; when done remove from oven, spread over the top another layer of apricot marmalade and serve cold.

751. Flan de pommes. Line a deep pie plate or jelly cake tin with short paste (Muerber Teig) and ornament the edge with a pastry wheel; the paste should be about 1/4 inch in thickness; pound 6 ounces blanched almonds with the yolks of 3 eggs, put the almonds in a dish and add 4 more yolks, 4 tablespoonfuls sugar, 1/4 pound finely rolled macaroons, 1-1/2 tablespoonfuls melted butter and 1/4 pound finely cut citron and orange peel mixed; stir this to a cream and add the beaten whites of 6 eggs; fill this mixture into the lined plate and bake 30 minutes in a medium hot oven; as soon as it begins to brown a little on top cover with buttered paper; in the meantime pare, core and cut into quarters 1 dozen pippin or greening apples; place a kettle with 1/4 pound sugar, 1/2 bottle Malaga wine and 1-1/2 cups cherry syrup over the fire; as soon as it boils put in the apples and continue the boiling until they are soft, but not broken; take out the apples carefully and boil the syrup a little longer; when the flau is done take from the oven and when cold lay the apples over it; arrange them nicely, pour the syrup, half warm, over the apples and serve. Flau of Bartlett pears or quinces are made the same way.

752. Flan d’apricots a la crème meringue. Line a large, deep jelly cake tin with short paste (Muerber Teig), ornament the edge with a pastry wheel, fill it half full of cream frangipane flavored with vanilla and bake in a medium hot oven; when done carefully take it out of the pan, lay it on a flat tin and put a layer of preserved apricots over; cover them with cream frangipane, so the flau is evenly full, spread over a thin layer of apricot marmalade and over this a thin meringue; take some meringue in a paper funnel and squirt rills in small squares over the top like lattice work; dust over some fine sugar and place in a slow oven to bake till a light brown; when cold put a little currant jelly into each small square and serve on a napkin.

753. Flan de péchés. Line a large, deep jelly cake tin with short paste (Muerber Teig); roll some paste out and cut it into strips of about 1 inch wide and 1/4 inch thick; set this around the inside against the rim of tin and ornament it with a pastry wheel; or cut and scallop the strips before putting into the tin so the points of scallops stand a little over the tin.

754. Flan de péchés. Roll out 1/2 pound short paste 1/8 of an inch in thickness, lay a deep jelly cake tin upside down onto the crust and cut the paste off close to the tin with a knife; remove the tin and lay the round piece of paste into the bottom of tin; roll out the remaining paste and cut it into strips a little wider than the rim of the jelly tins, ornament them with a pastry wheel or scallop one side of the strips; fit the strips in neatly inside the rim so the points of scallops stand a little above the edge of tin; fill the tin half full of apricot marmalade mixed with apple marmalade and also spread some of the marmalade on the sides; put the flau in a hot oven and bake till done; in the meantime pare and cut into halves 12 large, ripe peaches and boil them 5 minutes in sugar syrup; remove the peaches and boil the syrup till it begins to thicken; lay the peaches into the syrup again, add 1 teaspoonful vanilla extract and boil them for a few minutes; when the flau is done take it from the oven; remove the brown crust of marmalade and spread over a little fresh marmalade; take the flau out of the jelly tin, slip it onto a large plate and put in the peaches; have the peach kernels blanched and freed from the brown skins, divide in halves and lay them over the peaches; put little bits of currant jelly over the peaches; boil the peach syrup down a little more and pour when cold, just before serving, over the peaches. This may be made of apples, cherries, apricots, plums, pears or any kind of preserved fruit.