The next Friday evening Mr Jacob read the following letter.

“My Dear Cousin Mill, I have not yet written to tell you how we manage during cold weather. Before we arrived, we were under the impression that it was always warm in Palestine. Certainly the sun does shine more in winter here than in England, and while it shines the weather is very pleasant; but we get very cold weather, too, especially in Jerusalem. We get very little snow, but a good deal of frost, which no one enjoys. No doubt you wonder why, because we all enjoyed the cold and frost in England, and loved the skating and the snowballing.

“The reason is very clear, for here we have no cheery open fireplaces, which give out so much heat in England; in fact there are not even any steel or iron ovens, and the result is, the Palestinian houses are intensely cold in frosty weather. The ceilings are all lofty and in the shape of a dome, which, with the very thick stone walls is very pleasant in summer but very cold in the winter. Then there is very little firewood to be had here, as the Turks try to prevent much tree-planting, so fire wood is a luxury which very few can afford. Instead, we have all copper buckets pierced with holes standing on a tripod and filled with burning charcoal, which is placed in the middle of the room.

“How we all eagerly cluster round it and watch the red hot charcoal, hoping that by looking at it the warmth will go into our bodies! Such a small amount of charcoal as we can afford does not warm a room very much, so all the windows are closed tightly to prevent any cold air coming in. This also prevents the fumes of the burning charcoal from escaping, so naturally the air gets very stuffy, and many suffer from headaches or fall into a heavy sleep.

“You will wonder why it is many people do not get frozen. Well, the old proverb holds good here, that ‘Necessity is the mother of invention,’ so even in the coldest weather we have a remedy; for we heat also our brass samovar, which holds about thirty glasses of tea, and we drink a glass of hot tea every now and then.

“As the samovar boils all day the steam also sends out some warmth into the room.

“Then, again, the younger children are during the very cold weather kept warm in bed with feather coverlets and pillows, which the elder people try to keep warm in doing the necessary household duties. Very few go out in the streets, except the men when they go to Shule, and the elder boys when they go to the Yeshiba or Cheder, and even they are very often kept at home.

“One comfort is that ‘Father Frost’ does not stay long, so we can manage to bear his icy breath: the greatest hardship is when he visits us on a Sabbath, for of course on that day we cannot heat the samovar and so we have to do with less tea.

“We prepare our Sabbath meals in a small scullery, or porch, in which a small brick oven is built to keep the food hot for the Sabbath. A few pieces of wood are put in, and, when well lighted, the oven is half-filled with charcoal-dust this again is covered by pieces of tin or lime, and, on top of all, the saucepans are put containing food for the Sabbath meals: also bottles or jars of water are thus kept hot for tea or coffee. Neighbours who are not lucky enough to have such an oven bring in their food, and we let them put it in our ovens. In this way we have enough for every one to drink who may come in. Sometimes twenty poor people come in on a Sabbath day and say: ’Spare me, please, a little hot water?’ No one would think of refusing to give them some, even if they had to share their last glass with them.

“Generally on cold Sabbath afternoons our parents have a nap after eating the nice hot cholent, and we girls and the young married women go and spend a few hours with our old lady friend, who always entertains us with stories and discussions on various interesting subjects. So the time passes very quickly and so pleasantly that we forget how cold it is. About twenty or thirty of us all sit close together on her divan covered up with rugs, and this with the excitement over the tales she tells us, helps to keep us warm.

“Last Sabbath our old lady was not very well, and we were feeling very miserable without her entertaining tales. Suddenly, one of my girl-friends asked me to tell them about our life in London.

“As they had never read or heard about life outside Jerusalem, it was most amusing to hear their exclamations of wonder; for they could hardly believe what I told them was true, till our old lady confirmed our statements.

“First, they wanted to know how young men and women behaved toward each other.

“I told them that every man and every woman, whether young or old, either in the street or in-doors, always shook hands with friends at this they looked very surprised and some seemed even horrified, exclaiming: ‘What a sin to commit.’ I asked them where it was written that this was a sin? ‘Well,’ some replied, ’our parents or husbands say it is a sin,’ ‘I don’t think it is a sin, but only a custom,’ said I. ‘But it is a sin,’ insisted one little wife of fifteen ’to touch one another’s hands.’ I tried to explain to her, but she would not listen to me and we were on the verge of quarreling but as usual, when there was a difference of opinion between any of us, we always appealed to our old lady and she agreed with me that there was no sin in shaking hands. ‘Sin,’ she said, ’comes from thoughts if while talking or laughing or even shaking hands, evil thoughts pass through the minds of men or women then, and then only, is the act likely to be a sin. In Europe,’ she went on to say, ’it is quite a natural thing for men and women to shake hands and talk to each other naturally.’

“Then I asked my new friend Huldah (a young wife of fifteen years of age) to tell us all about her own love-affair and marriage. She was greatly shocked to hear me speaking of love before marriage ’Such a thing could never happen to a modest Jewish maiden in those days,’ she said.

“I told her that it did happen in Europe. ‘May be,’ she replied; ’it may happen in lands where Jews mix with non-Jews and copy their ways!’

“As I rather liked to tease her, I said she was mistaken, for here in Jerusalem did the great Rabbi Akiba fall in love with his wife before marriage. ‘Oh, that was quite different!’ she replied. ‘Not at all,’ said I, for were not feasts and rejoicing held so that youths and maidens could meet one another in the vineyards and dance in the meadows? Look in the Bible,’ I continued, ’and you will see it is mentioned there.’ Then all looked abashed. The only one who smiled was our old lady.

“‘Don’t unsettle their minds, dear,’ she whispered softly to me. ’I don’t want to,’ I said; ’I only want to show them that, though such things are done in other countries, there is no sin in it as they have been brought up to believe.’ ‘Well, well!’ she said, ’let us hope God will restore our beloved land to us in his own good time, and then we shall again, as in days of old, celebrate such Festivals!’

“We all said ‘AMEN,’ most heartily, to this wish.

“In my next letter I will tell you of our friend’s engagement and marriage. Your loving cousin, Millie.”