It was late in the afternoon of a November day.  The sky had worn all day that pale leaden gray color, which is depressing even to the least sensitive of souls.  Now, at sunset, a dull red tint was slowly stealing over the west; but the gray cloud was too thick for the sun to pierce, and the struggle of the crimson color with the unyielding sky only made the heavens look more stern and pitiless than before.

Stephen White stood with his arms folded, leaning on the gate which shut off, but seemed in no wise to separate, the front yard of the house in which he lived from the public highway.  There is something always pathetic in the attempt to enforce the idea of seclusion and privacy, by building a fence around houses only ten or twelve feet away from the public road, and only forty or fifty feet from each other.  Rows of picketed palings and gates with latches and locks seem superfluous, when the passer-by can look, if he likes, into the very centre of your sitting-room, and your neighbors on the right hand and on the left can overhear every word you say on a summer night, where windows are open.

One cannot walk through the streets of a New England village, without being impressed by a sense of this futile semblance of barrier, this touching effort at withdrawal and reticence.  Often we see the tacit recognition of its uselessness in an old gate shoved back to its farthest, and left standing so till the very grass roots have embanked themselves on each side of it, and it can never again be closed without digging away the sods in which it is wedged.  The gate on which Stephen White was leaning had stood open in that way for years before Stephen rented the house; had stood open, in fact, ever since old Billy Jacobs, the owner of the house, had been carried out of it dead, in a coffin so wide that at first the bearers had thought it could not pass through the gate; but by huddling close, three at the head and three at the feet, they managed to tug the heavy old man through without taking down the palings.  This was so long ago that now there was nobody left who remembered Billy Jacobs distinctly, except his widow, who lived in a poor little house on the outskirts of the town, her only income being that derived from the renting of the large house, in which she had once lived in comfort with her husband and son.  The house was a double house; and for a few years Billy Jacobs’s twin brother, a sea captain, had lived in the other half of it.  But Mrs. Billy could not abide Mrs. John, and so with a big heart wrench the two brothers, who loved each other as only twin children can love, had separated.  Captain John took his wife and went to sea again.  The ship was never heard of, and to the day of Billy Jacobs’s death he never forgave his wife.  In his heart he looked upon her as his brother’s murderer.  Very much like the perpetual presence of a ghost under her roof it must have been to the woman also, the unbroken silence of those untenanted rooms, and that never opened door on the left side of her hall, which she must pass whenever she went in or out of her house.  There were those who said that she was never seen to look towards that door; and that whenever a noise, as of a rat in the wall, or a blind creaking in the wind, came from that side of the house, Mrs. Billy turned white, and shuddered.  Well she might.  It is a fearful thing to have lying on one’s heart in this life the consciousness that one has been ever so innocently the occasion, if not the cause, of a fellow-creature’s turning aside into the path which was destined to take him to his death.

The very next day after Billy Jacobs’s funeral, his widow left the house.  She sold all the furniture, except what was absolutely necessary for a very meagre outfitting of the little cottage into which she moved.  The miserly habit of her husband seemed to have suddenly fallen on her like a mantle.  Her life shrank and dwindled in every possible way; she almost starved herself and her boy, although the rent of her old homestead was quite enough to make them comfortable.  In a few years, to complete the poor woman’s misery, her son ran away and went to sea.  The sea-farer’s stories which his Uncle John had told him, when he was a little child, had never left his mind; and the drearier his mother made life for him on land, the more longingly he dwelt on his fancies of life at sea, till at last, when he was only fifteen, he disappeared one day, leaving a note, not for his mother, but for his Sunday-school teacher,-the only human being he loved.  This young woman carried the note to Mrs. Jacobs.  She read it, made no comment, and handed it back.  Her visitor was chilled and terrified by her manner.

“Can I do any thing for you, Mrs. Jacobs?” she said.  “I do assure you I sympathize with you most deeply.  I think the boy will soon come back.  He will find the sea life very different from what he has dreamed.”

“No, you can do nothing for me,” replied Mrs. Jacobs, in a voice as unmoved as her face.  “He will never come back.  He will be drowned.”  And from that day no one ever heard her mention her son.  It was believed, however, that she had news from him, and that she sent him money; for, although the rents of her house were paid to her regularly, she grew if possible more and more penurious every year, allowing herself barely enough food to support life, and wearing such tattered and patched clothes that she was almost an object of terror to children when they met her in lonely fields and woods, bending down to the ground and searching for herbs like an old witch.  At one time, also, she went in great haste to a lawyer in the village, and with his assistance raised three thousand dollars on a mortgage on her house, mortgaging it very nearly to its full value.  In vain he represented to her that, in case the house should chance to stand empty for a year, she would have no money to pay the interest on her mortgage, and would lose the property.  She either could not understand, or did not care for what he said.  The house always had brought her in about so many dollars a year; she believed it always would; at any rate, she wanted this money.  And so it came to pass that the mortgage on the old Jacobs house had come into Stephen White’s hands, and he was now living in one half of it, his own tenant and landlord at once, as he often laughingly said.

These old rumors and sayings about the Jacobs’s family history were running in Stephen’s head this evening, as he stood listlessly leaning on the gate, and looking down at the unsightly spot of bare earth still left where the gate had so long stood pressed back against the fence.

“I wonder how long it’ll take to get that old rut smooth and green like the rest of the yard,” he thought.  Stephen White absolutely hated ugliness.  It did not merely irritate and depress him, as it does everybody of fine fastidiousness:  he hated not only the sight of it, he hated it with a sort of unreasoning vindictiveness.  If it were a picture, he wanted to burn the picture, cut it, tear it, trample it under foot, get it off the face of the earth immediately, at any cost or risk.  It had no business to exist:  if nobody else would make way with it, he must.  He often saw places that he would have liked to devastate, to blot out of existence if he could, just because they were barren and unsightly.  Once, when he was a very little child, he suddenly seized a book of his father’s,-an old, shabby, worn dictionary,-and flung it into the fire with uncontrollable passion; and, on being asked why he did it, had nothing to say in justification of his act, except this extraordinary statement:  “It was an ugly book; it hurt me.  Ugly books ought to go in the fire.”  What the child suffered, and, still more, what the man suffered from this hatred of ugliness, no words could portray.  Ever since he could remember, he had been unhappy from the lack of the beautiful in the surroundings of his daily life.  His father had been poor; his mother had been an invalid; and neither father nor mother had a trace of the artistic temperament.  From what long-forgotten ancestor in his plain, hard-working family had come Stephen’s passionate love of beauty, nobody knew.  It was the despair of his father, the torment of his mother.  From childhood to boyhood, from boyhood to manhood, he had felt himself needlessly hurt and perversely misunderstood on this one point.  But it had not soured him:  it had only saddened him, and made him reticent.  In his own quiet way, he went slowly on, adding each year some new touch of simple adornment to their home.  Every dollar he could spare out of his earnings went into something for the eye to feast on; and, in spite of the old people’s perpetual grumbling and perpetual antagonism, it came about that they grew to be, in a surly fashion, proud of Stephen’s having made their home unlike the homes of their neighbors.

“That’s Stephen’s last notion.  He’s never satisfied without he’s sticking up suthin’ new or different,” they would say, as they called attention to some new picture or shelf or improvement in the house.  “It’s all tom-foolery.  Things was well enough before.”  But in their hearts they were secretly a little elate, as in latter years they had come to know, by books and papers which Stephen forced them to hear or to read, that he was really in sympathy with well-known writers in this matter of the adornment of homes, the love of beautiful things even in every-day life.

A little more than a year before the time at which our story begins, Stephen’s father had died.  On an investigation of his affairs, it was found that after the settling of the estate very little would remain for Stephen and his mother.  The mortgage on the old Jacobs house was the greater part of their property.  Very reluctantly Stephen decided that their wisest-in fact, their only-course was to move into this house to live.  Many and many a time he had walked past the old house, and thought, as he looked at it, what a bare, staring, hopeless, joyless-looking old house it was.  It had originally been a small, square house.  The addition which Billy Jacobs had made to it was oblong, running out to the south, and projecting on the front a few feet beyond the other part.  This obtrusive jog was certainly very ugly; and it was impossible to conceive of any reason for it.  Very possibly, it was only a carpenter’s blunder; for Billy Jacobs was, no doubt, his own architect, and left all details of the work to the builders.  Be that as it may, the little, clumsy, meaningless jog ruined the house,-gave it an uncomfortably awry look, like a dining-table awkwardly pieced out for an emergency by another table a little too narrow.

The house had been for several years occupied by families of mill operatives, and had gradually acquired that indefinable, but unmistakable tenement-house look, which not even neatness and good repair can wholly banish from a house.  The orchard behind the house had so run down for want of care that it looked more like a tangle of wild trees than like any thing which had ever been an orchard.  Yet the Roxbury Russets and Baldwins of that orchard had once been Billy Jacobs’s great pride, the one point of hospitality which his miserliness never conquered.  Long after it would have broken his heart to set out a generous dinner for a neighbor, he would feast him on choice apples, and send him away with a big basket full in his hands.  Now every passing school-boy helped himself to the wan, withered, and scanty fruit; and nobody had thought it worth while to mend the dilapidated fences which might have helped to shut them out.

Even Mrs. White, with all her indifference to externals, rebelled at first at the idea of going to live in the old Jacobs house.

“I’ll never go there, Stephen,” she said petulantly.  “I’m not going to live in half a house with the mill people; and it’s no better than a barn, the hideous, old, faded, yellow thing!”

If it crossed Stephen’s mind that there was a touch of late retribution in his mother’s having come at last to a sense of suffering because she must live in an unsightly house, he did not betray it.

He replied very gently.  He was never heard to speak other than gently to his mother, though to every one else his manner was sometimes brusque and dictatorial.

“But, mother, I think we must.  It is the only way that we can be sure of the rent.  And, if we live ourselves in one half of it, we shall find it much easier to get good tenants for the other part.  I promise you none of the mill people shall ever live there again.  Please do not make it hard for me, mother.  We must do it.”

When Stephen said “must,” his mother never gainsaid him.  He was only twenty-five, but his will was stronger than hers,-as much stronger as his temper was better.  Persons judging hastily, by her violent assertions and vehement statements of her determination, as contrasted with Stephen’s gentle, slow, almost hesitating utterance of his opinions or intentions, might have assumed that she would always conquer; but it was not so.  In all little things, Stephen was her slave, because she was a suffering invalid and his mother.  But, in all important decisions, he was the master; and she recognized it, and leaned upon it in a way which was almost ludicrous in its alternation with her petulance and perpetual dictating to him in trifles.

And so they went to live in the old Jacobs house.  They took the northern half of it, the part in which the sea captain and his wife had lived.  This half of the house was not so pleasant as the other, had less sun, and had no door upon the street; but it was smaller and better suited to their needs, and moreover, Stephen said to his mother,-

“We must live in the half we should find it hardest to rent to a desirable tenant.”

For the first six months after they moved in, the “wing,” as Mrs. White persisted in calling it, though it was larger by two rooms than the part she occupied herself, stood empty.  There would have been plenty of applicants for it, but it had been noised in the town that the Whites had given out that none but people as good as they were themselves would be allowed to rent the house.  This made a mighty stir among the mill operatives and the trades-people, and Stephen got many a sour look and short answer, whose real source he never suspected.

“Ahem! there he goes with his head in the clouds, damn him!” muttered Barker the grocer, one day, as Stephen in a more than ordinarily absent-minded fit had passed Mr. Barker’s door without observing that Mr. Barker stood in it, ready to bow and smile to the whole world.  Mr. Barker’s sister had just married an overseer in the mill; and they had been very anxious to set up housekeeping in the Jacobs house, but had been prevented from applying for it by hearing of Mrs. White’s determination to have no mill people under the same roof with herself.

“Mill people, indeed!” exclaimed Jane Barker, when her lover told her, in no very guarded terms, the reason they could not have the house on which she had set her heart.

“Mill people, indeed!  I’d like to know if they’re not every whit’s good’s an old shark of a lawyer like Hugh White was!  I’ll be bound, if poor old granny Jacobs hadn’t lost what little wit she ever had, it ’ud be very soon seen whether Madam White’s got the right to say who’s to come and who’s to go in that house.  It’s a nasty old yaller shell anyhow, not to say nothin’ o’ it’s bein’ haunted, ’s like ’s not.  But there ain’t no other place so handy to the mill for us, an’ I guess our money’s good ez any lawyer’s money, o’ the hull on ’em any day.  Mill people, indeed!  I’ll jest give Steve White a piece o’ my mind, the first time I see him on the street.”

Jane and her lover were sitting on the tops of two barrels just outside the grocery door, when this conversation took place.  Just as the last words had left her lips, she looked up and saw Stephen approaching at a very rapid pace.  The unusual sight of two people perched on barrels on the sidewalk roused Stephen from the deep reverie in which he habitually walked.  Lifting his hat as courteously as if he were addressing the most distinguished of women, he bowed, and said smiling, “How do you do, Miss Jane?” and “Good-morning, Mr. Lovejoy,” and passed on; but not before Jane Barker had had time to say in her gentlest tones, “Very well, thank you, Mr. Stephen,” while an ugly sneer spread over the face of Reuben Lovejoy.

“Woman all over!” he muttered.  “Never saw one on ye yet thet wasn’t caught by a bow from a palaverin’ fool.”

Jane laughed nervously.  She herself felt ashamed of having so soon given the lie to her own words of bravado; but she was woman enough not to admit her mortification.

“I know he’s a palaverin’ fool’s well’s you do; but I reckon I’ve got some manners o’ my own, ’s well’s he.  When a man bids me a pleasant good-mornin’, I ain’t a-goin’ to take that time to fly out at him, however much I’ve got agin him.”

And Reuben was silenced.  The under-current of ill-feeling against Stephen and his mother went steadily on increasing.  There is a wonderful force in these slow under-currents of feeling, in small communities, for or against individuals.  After they have once become a steady tide, nothing can check their force or turn their direction.  Sometimes they can be traced back to their spring, as a stream can:  one lucky or unlucky word or deed, years ago, made a friend or an enemy of one person, and that person’s influence has divided itself again and again, as brooks part off and divide into countless rivulets, and water whole districts.  But generally one finds it impossible to trace the like or dislike to its beginning.  A stranger, asking the reason of it, is answered in an off-hand way,-“Oh, everybody’ll tell you the same thing.  There isn’t a soul in the town but hates him;” or, “Well, he’s just the most popular man in the town.  You’ll never hear a word said against him,-never; not if you were to settle right down here, and live.”

It was months before Stephen realized that there was slowly forming in the town a dislike to him.  He was slow in discovering it, because he had always lived alone; had no intimate friends, not even when he was a boy.  His love of books and his passionate love of beauty combined with his poverty to hedge him about more effectually than miles of desert could have done.  His father and mother had lived upon fairly good terms with all their neighbors, but had formed no very close bonds with any.  In the ordinary New England town, neighborhood never means much:  there is a dismal lack of cohesion to the relations between people.  The community is loosely held together by a few accidental points of contact or common interest.  The individuality of individuals is, by a strange sort of paradox, at once respected and ignored.  This is indifference rather than consideration, selfishness rather than generosity; it is an unsuspected root of much of our national failure, is responsible for much of our national disgrace.  Some day there will come a time when it will have crystallized into a national apathy, which will perhaps cure itself, or have to be cured, as indurations in the body are, by sharp crises or by surgical operations.  In the mean time, our people are living, on the whole, the dullest lives that are lived in the world, by the so-called civilized; and the climax of this dulness of life is to be found in just such a small New England town as Penfield, the one of which we are now speaking.

When it gradually became clear to Stephen that he and his mother were unpopular people, his first feeling was one of resentment, his second of calm acquiescence:  acquiescence, first, because he recognized in a measure the justice of it,-they really did not care for their neighbors; why should their neighbors care for them? secondly, a diminished familiarity of intercourse would have to him great compensations.  There were few people in the town, whose clothes, whose speech, whose behavior, did not jar upon his nerves.  On the whole, he would be better content alone; and if his mother could only have a little more independence of nature, more resource within herself, “The less we see of them, the better,” said Stephen, proudly.

He had yet to learn the lesson which, sooner or later, the proudest, most scornful, most self-centred of human souls must learn, or must die of loneliness for the want of learning, that humanity is one and indivisible; and the man who shuts himself apart from his fellows, above all, the man who thus shuts himself apart because he thinks of his fellows with pitying condescension as his inferiors, is a fool and a blasphemer,-a fool, because he robs himself of that good-fellowship which is the leaven of life; a blasphemer, because he virtually implies that God made men unfit for him to associate with.  Stephen White had this lesson yet to learn.

The practical inconvenience of being unpopular, however, he began to feel keenly, as month after month passed by, and nobody would rent the other half of the house in which he and his mother lived.  Small as the rent was, it was a matter of great moment to them; for his earnings as clerk and copyist were barely enough to give them food.  He was still retained by his father’s partner in the same position which he had held during his father’s life.  But old Mr. Williams was not wholly free from the general prejudice against Stephen, as an aristocratic fellow, given to dreams and fancies; and Stephen knew very well that he held the position only as it were on a sort of sufferance, because Mr. Williams had loved his father.  Moreover, law business in Penfield was growing duller and duller.  A younger firm in the county town, only twelve miles away, was robbing them of clients continually; and there were many long days during which Stephen sat idle at his desk, looking out in a vague, dreamy way on the street below, and wondering if the time were really coming when Mr. Williams would need a clerk no longer; and, if it did come, what he could possibly find to do in that town, by which he could earn money enough to support his mother.  At such times, he thought uneasily of the possibility of foreclosing the mortgage on the old Jacobs house, selling the house, and reinvesting the money in a more advantageous way.  He always tried to put the thought away from him as a dishonorable one; but it had a fatal persistency.  He could not banish it.

“Poor, half-witted old woman! she might a great deal better be in the poor-house.”

“There is no reason why we should lose our interest, for the sake of keeping her along.”

“The mortgage was for too large a sum.  I doubt if the old house could sell to-day for enough to clear it, anyhow.”  These were some of the suggestions which the devil kept whispering into Stephen’s ear, in these long hours of perplexity and misgiving.  It was a question of casuistry which might, perhaps, have puzzled a finer moral sense than Stephen’s.  Why should he treat old Mrs. Jacobs with any more consideration than he would show to a man under the same circumstances?  To be sure, she was a helpless old woman; but so was his own mother, and surely his first duty was to make her as comfortable as possible.

Luckily for old Mrs. Jacobs, a tenant appeared for the “south wing.”  A friend of Stephen’s, a young clergyman living in a seaport town on Cape Cod, had written to him, asking about the house, which he knew Stephen was anxious to rent.  He made these inquiries on behalf of two women, parishioners of his, who were obliged to move to some inland town on account of the elder woman’s failing health.  They were mother and daughter, but both widows.  The younger woman’s marriage had been a tragically sad one, her husband having died suddenly, only a few days after their marriage.  She had returned at once to her mother’s house, widowed at eighteen; “heart-broken,” the young clergyman wrote, “but the most cheerful person in this town,-the most cheerful person I ever knew; her smile is the sunniest and most pathetic thing I ever saw.”

Stephen welcomed most gladly the prospect of such tenants as these.  The negotiations were soon concluded; and at the time of the beginning of our story the two women were daily expected.

A strange feverishness of desire to have them arrive possessed Stephen’s mind.  He longed for it, and yet he dreaded it.  He liked the stillness of the house; he felt a sense of ownership of the whole of it:  both of these satisfactions were to be interfered with now.  But he had a singular consciousness that some new element was coming into his life.  He did not define this; he hardly recognized it in its full extent; but if a bystander could have looked into his mind, following the course of his reverie distinctly, as an unbiassed outsider might, he would have said, “Stephen, man, what is this?  What are these two women to you, that your imagination is taking these wild and superfluous leaps into their history?”

There was hardly a possible speculation as to their past history, as to their looks, as to their future life under his roof, that Stephen did not indulge in, as he stood leaning with his folded arms on the gate, in the gray November twilight, where we first found him.  His thoughts, as was natural, centred most around the younger woman.

“Poor thing!  That was a mighty hard fate.  Only nineteen years old now,-six years younger than I am; and how much more she must know of life than I do.  I suppose she can’t be a lady, exactly,-being a sea captain’s wife.  I wonder if she’s pretty?  I think Harley might have told me more about her.  He might know I’d be very curious.

“I wonder if mother’ll take to them?  If she does, it will be a great comfort to her.  She ’s so alone.”  And Stephen’s face clouded, as he reflected how very seldom the monotony of the invalid’s life was broken now by a friendly visit from a neighbor.

“If they should turn out really social, neighborly people that we liked, we might move away the old side-board from before the hall door, and go in and out that way, as the Jacobses used to.  It would be unlucky though, I reckon, to use that door.  I guess I’ll plaster it up some day.”  Like all people of deep sentiment, Stephen had in his nature a vein of something which bordered on superstition.

The twilight deepened into darkness, and a cold mist began to fall in slow, drizzling drops.  Still Stephen stood, absorbed in his reverie, and unmindful of the chill.

The hall door opened, and an old woman peered out.  She held a lamp in one hand; the blast of cold air made the flame flicker and flare, and, as she put up one hand to shade it, the light was thrown sharply across her features, making them stand out like the distorted features of a hideous mask.

“Steve!  Steve!” she called, in a shrill voice.  “Supper’s been waitin’ more ‘n half an hour.  Lor’s sake, what’s the boy thinkin’ on now, I wonder?” she muttered in an impatient lower tone, as Stephen turned his head slowly.

“Yes, yes, Marty.  Tell my mother I will be there in a moment,” replied Stephen, as he walked slowly toward the house; even then noting, with the keen and relentless glance of a beauty-worshipper, how grotesquely ugly the old woman’s wrinkled face became, lighted up by the intense cross-light.  Old Marty’s face had never looked other than lovingly into Stephen’s since he first lay in her arms, twenty-five years ago, when she came, a smooth-cheeked, rosy country-woman of twenty-five, to nurse his mother at the time of his birth.  She had never left the home since.  With a faithfulness and devotion only to be accounted for by the existence of rare springs of each in her own nature, surely not by any uncommon lovableness in either Mr. or Mrs. White, or by any especial comforts in her situation, she had stayed on a quarter of a century, in the hard position of woman of all work in a poor family.  She worshipped Stephen, and, as I said, her face had never once looked other than lovingly into his; but he could not remember the time when he had not thought her hideous.  She had a big brown mole on her chin, out of which grew a few bristling hairs.  It was an unsightly thing, no doubt, on a woman’s chin; and sometimes, when Marty was very angry, the hairs did actually seem to bristle, as a cat’s whiskers do.  When Stephen could not speak plain, he used to point his little dimpled finger at this mole and say, “Do doe away,-doe away;” and to this day it was a torment to him.  His eyes seemed morbidly drawn toward it at times..  When he was ill, and poor Marty bent over his bed, ministering to him as no one but a loving old nurse can, he saw only the mole, and had to make an effort not to shrink from her.  To-night, as she lingered on the threshold, affectionately waiting to light his path, he was thinking only of her ugliness.  But when she exclaimed, with the privileged irritability of an old servant,-

“Jest look at your feet, Steve! they’re wet through, an’ your coat too, a standin’ out in that drizzle.  Anybody ’ud think you hadn’t common sense,” he replied with perfect good nature, and as heartily loving a tone as if he had been feasting on her beauty, instead of writhing inwardly at her ugliness,-

“All right, Marty,-all right.  I’m not so wet as I look.  I’ll change my coat, and come in to supper in one minute.  Don’t you fidget about me so, good Marty.”  Never was Stephen heard to speak discourteously or even ungently to a human being.  It would have offended his taste.  It was not a matter of principle with him,-not at all:  he hardly ever thought of things in that light.  A rude or harsh word, a loud, angry tone, jarred on his every sense like a discord in music, or an inharmonious color; so he never used them.  But as he ran upstairs, three steps at a time, after his kind, off-hand words to Marty, he said to himself, “Good heavens!  I do believe Marty gets uglier every day.  What a picture Rembrandt would have made of her old face peering out into the darkness there to-night!  She would have done for the witch of Endor, watching to see if Samuel were coming up.”  And as he went down more slowly, revolving in his mind what plausible excuse he could give to his mother for his tardiness, he thought, “Well, I do hope she’ll be at least tolerably good-looking.”

Already the younger of the two women who were coming to live under his roof was “she,” in his thoughts.