CHAPTER I

It is well known that the grand seignior amuses himself by going at night, in disguise, through streets of Constantinople; as the caliph Haroun Alraschid used formerly to do in Bagdad.

One moonlight night, accompanied by his grand vizier, he traversed several of the principal streets of the city without seeing anything remarkable.  At length, as they were passing a rope-maker’s, the sultan recollected the Arabian story of Cogia-Hassan Alhabal, the rope-maker, and his two friends, Saad and Saadi, who differed so much in their opinion concerning the influence of fortune over human affairs.

“What is your opinion on this subject?” said the grand seignior to his vizier.

“I am inclined, please your majesty,” replied the vizier, “to think that success in the world depends more upon prudence than upon what is called luck, or fortune.”

“And I,” said the sultan, “am persuaded that fortune does more for men than prudence.  Do you not every day hear of persons who are said to be fortunate or unfortunate?  How comes it that this opinion should prevail amongst men, if it be not justified by experience?”

“It is not for me to dispute with your majesty,” replied the prudent vizier.

“Speak your mind freely; I desire and command it,” said the sultan.

“Then I am of opinion,” answered the vizier, “that people are often led to believe others fortunate, or unfortunate, merely because they only know the general outline of their histories; and are ignorant of the incidents and events in which they have shown prudence or imprudence.  I have heard, for instance, that there are at present, in this city, two men, who are remarkable for their good and bad fortune:  one is called Murad the Unlucky, and the other Saladin the Lucky.  Now, I am inclined to think, if we could hear their stories, we should find that one is a prudent and the other an imprudent character.”

“Where do these men live?” interrupted the sultan.  “I will hear their histories from their own lips before I sleep.”

“Murad the Unlucky lives in the next square,” said the vizier.

The sultan desired to go thither immediately.  Scarcely had they entered the square, when they heard the cry of loud lamentations.  They followed the sound till they came to a house of which the door was open, and where there was a man tearing his turban, and weeping bitterly.  They asked the cause of his distress, and he pointed to the fragments of a china vase, which lay on the pavement at his door.

“This seems undoubtedly to be beautiful china,” said the sultan, taking up one of the broken pieces; “but can the loss of a china vase be the cause of such violent grief and despair?”

“Ah, gentlemen,” said the owner of the vase, suspending his lamentations, and looking at the dress of the pretended merchants, “I see that you are strangers:  you do not know how much cause I have for grief and despair!  You do not know that you are speaking to Murad the Unlucky!  Were you to hear all the unfortunate accidents that have happened to me, from the time I was born till this instant, you would perhaps pity me, and acknowledge I have just cause for despair.”

Curiosity was strongly expressed by the sultan; and the hope of obtaining sympathy inclined Murad to gratify it by the recital of his adventures.  “Gentlemen,” said he, “I scarcely dare invite you into the house of such an unlucky being as I am; but if you will venture to take a night’s lodging under my roof, you shall hear at your leisure the story of my misfortunes.”

The sultan and the vizier excused themselves from spending the night with Murad, saying that they were obliged to proceed to their khan, where they should be expected by their companions; but they begged permission to repose themselves for half an hour in his house, and besought him to relate the history of his life, if it would not renew his grief too much to recollect his misfortunes.

Few men are so miserable as not to like to talk of their misfortunes, where they have, or where they think they have, any chance of obtaining compassion.  As soon as the pretended merchants were seated, Murad began his story in the following manner: ­

“My father was a merchant of this city.  The night before I was born he dreamed that I came into the world with the head of a dog and the tail of a dragon; and that, in haste to conceal my deformity, he rolled me up in a piece of linen, which unluckily proved to be the grind seignior’s turban; who, enraged at his insolence in touching his turban, commanded that his head should be struck off.

“My father awaked before he lost his head, but not before he had lost half his wits from the terror of his dream.  He considered it as a warning sent from above, and consequently determined to avoid the sight of me.  He would not stay to see whether I should really be born with the head of a dog and the tail of a dragon; but he set out, the next morning, on a voyage to Aleppo.

“He was absent for upwards of seven years; and during that time my education was totally neglected.  One day I inquired from my mother why I had been named Murad the Unlucky.  She told me that this name was given to me in consequence of my father’s dream; but she added that perhaps it might be forgotten, if I proved fortunate in my future life.  My nurse, a very old woman, who was present, shook her head, with a look which I shall never forget, and whispered to my mother loud enough for me to hear, ’Unlucky he was, and is, and ever will be.  Those that are born to ill luck cannot help themselves; nor can any, but the great prophet, Mahomet himself, do anything for them.  It is a folly for an unlucky person to strive with their fate:  it is better to yield to it at once.’

“This speech made a terrible impression upon me, young as I then was; and every accident that happened to me afterwards confirmed my belief in my nurse’s prognostic.  I was in my eighth year when my father returned from abroad.  The year after he came home my brother Saladin was born, who was named Saladin the Lucky, because the day he was born a vessel freighted with rich merchandise for my father arrived safely in port.

“I will not weary you with a relation of all the little instances of good fortune by which my brother Saladin was distinguished, even during his childhood.  As he grew up, his success in everything he undertook was as remarkable as my ill luck in all that I attempted.  From the time the rich vessel arrived, we lived in splendour; and the supposed prosperous state of my father’s affairs was of course attributed to the influence of my brother Saladin’s happy destiny.

“When Saladin was about twenty, my father was taken dangerously ill; and as he felt that he should not recover, he sent for my brother to the side of his bed, and, to his great surprise, informed him that the magnificence in which we had lived had exhausted all his wealth; that his affairs were in the greatest disorder; for, having trusted to the hope of continual success, he had embarked in projects beyond his powers.

“The sequel was, he had nothing remaining to leave to his children but two large china vases, remarkable for their beauty, but still more valuable on account of certain verses inscribed upon them in an unknown character, which were supposed to operate as a talisman or charm in favour of their possessors.

“Both these vases my father bequeathed to my brother Saladin; declaring he could not venture to leave either of them to me, because I was so unlucky that I should inevitably break it.  After his death, however, my brother Saladin, who was blessed with a generous temper, gave me my choice of the two vases; and endeavoured to raise my spirits by repeating frequently that he had no faith either in good fortune or ill fortune.

“I could not be of his opinion, though I felt and acknowledged his kindness in trying to persuade me out of my settled melancholy.  I knew it was in vain for me to exert myself, because I was sure that, do what I would, I should still be Murad the Unlucky.  My brother, on the contrary, was nowise cast down, even by the poverty in which my father left us:  he said he was sure he should find some means of maintaining himself; and so he did.

“On examining our china vases, he found in them a powder of a bright scarlet colour; and it occurred to him that it would make a fine dye.  He tried it, and after some trouble, it succeeded to admiration.

“During my father’s lifetime, my mother had been supplied with rich dresses by one of the merchants who was employed by the ladies of the grand seignior’s seraglio.  My brother had done this merchant some trifling favours, and, upon application to him, he readily engaged to recommend the new scarlet dye.  Indeed, it was so beautiful, that, the moment it was seen, it was preferred to every other colour.  Saladin’s shop was soon crowded with customers; and his winning manners and pleasant conversation were almost as advantageous to him as his scarlet dye.  On the contrary, I observed that the first glance at my melancholy countenance was sufficient to disgust every one who saw me.  I perceived this plainly; and it only confirmed me the more in my belief in my own evil destiny.

“It happened one day that a lady, richly apparelled and attended by two female slaves, came to my brother’s house to make some purchases.  He was out, and I alone was left to attend to the shop.  After she had looked over some goods, she chanced to see my china vase, which was in the room.  She took a prodigious fancy to it, and offered me any price if I would part with it; but this I declined doing, because I believed that I should draw down upon my head some dreadful calamity if I voluntarily relinquished the talisman.  Irritated by my refusal, the lady, according to the custom of her sex, became more resolute in her purpose; but neither entreaties nor money could change my determination.  Provoked beyond measure at my obstinacy, as she called it, she left the house.

“On my brother’s return, I related to him what had happened, and expected that he would have praised me for my prudence; but, on the contrary, he blamed me for the superstitious value I set upon the verses on my vase; and observed that it would be the height of folly to lose a certain means of advancing my fortune for the uncertain hope of magical protection.  I could not bring myself to be of his opinion; I had not the courage to follow the advice he gave.  The next day the lady returned, and my brother sold his vase to her for ten thousand pieces of gold.  This money he laid out in the most advantageous manner, by purchasing a new stock of merchandise.  I repented when it was too late; but I believe it is part of the fatality attending certain persons, that they cannot decide rightly at the proper moment.  When the opportunity has been lost, I have always regretted that I did not do exactly the contrary to what I had previously determined upon.  Often, whilst I was hesitating, the favourable moment passed. Now this is what I call being unlucky.  But to proceed with my story.

“The lady who bought my brother Saladin’s vase was the favourite of the Sultan, and all-powerful in the seraglio.  Her dislike to me, in consequence of my opposition to her wishes, was so violent, that she refused to return to my brother’s house while I remained there.  He was unwilling to part with me; but I could not bear to be the ruin of so good a brother.  Without telling him my design, I left his house careless of what should become of me.  Hunger, however, soon compelled me to think of some immediate mode of obtaining relief.  I sat down upon a stone, before the door of a baker’s shop:  the smell of hot bread tempted me in, and with a feeble voice I demanded charity.

“The master baker gave me as much bread as I could eat, upon condition that I should change dresses with him and carry the rolls for him through the city this day.  To this I readily consented; but I had soon reason to repent of my compliance.  Indeed, if my ill-luck had not, as usual, deprived me at this critical moment of memory and judgment, I should never have complied with the baker’s treacherous proposal.  For some time before, the people of Constantinople had been much dissatisfied with the weight and quality of the bread furnished by the bakers.  This species of discontent has often been the sure forerunner of an insurrection; and, in these disturbances, the master bakers frequently lose their lives.  All these circumstances I knew, but they did not occur to my memory when they might have been useful.

“I changed dresses with the baker; but scarcely had I proceeded through the adjoining streets with my rolls before the mob began to gather round me with reproaches and exécrations.  The crowd pursued me even to the gates of the grand seignior’s palace, and the grand vizier, alarmed at their violence, sent out an order to have my head struck off; the usual remedy, in such cases, being to strike off the baker’s head.

“I now fell upon my knees, and protested I was not the baker for whom they took me; that I had no connection with him; and that I had never furnished the people of Constantinople with bread that was not weight.  I declared I had merely changed clothes with a master baker for this day, and that I should not have done so but for the evil destiny which governs all my actions.  Some of the mob exclaimed that I deserved to lose my head for my folly; but others took pity on me, and whilst the officer, who was sent to execute the vizier’s order, turned to speak to some of the noisy rioters, those who were touched by my misfortune opened a passage for me through the crowd, and thus favoured, I effected my escape.

“I quitted Constantinople; my vase I had left in the care of my brother.  At some miles’ distance from the city I overtook a party of soldiers.  I joined them, and learning that they were going to embark with the rest of the grand seignior’s army for Egypt, I resolved to accompany them.  ’If it be,’ thought I, ’the will of Mahomet that I should perish, the sooner I meet my fate the better.’  The despondency into which I was sunk was attended by so great a degree of indolence, that I scarcely would take the necessary means to preserve my existence.  During our passage to Egypt I sat all day long upon the deck of the vessel, smoking my pipe, and I am convinced that if a storm had risen, as I expected, I should not have taken my pipe from my mouth, nor should I have handled a rope to save myself from destruction.  Such is the effect of that species of resignation, or torpor, whichever you please to call it, to which my strong belief in fatality had reduced my mind.

“We landed, however, safely, contrary to my melancholy forebodings.  By a trifling accident, not worth relating, I was detained longer than any of my companions in the vessel when we disembarked, and I did not arrive at the camp till late at night.  It was moonlight, and I could see the whole scene distinctly.  There was a vast number of small tents scattered over a desert of white sand; a few date-trees were visible at a distance; all was gloomy, and all still; no sound was to be heard but that of the camels feeding near the tents, and, as I walked on, I met with no human creature.

“My pipe was now out, and I quickened my pace a little towards a fire which I saw near one of the tents.  As I proceeded, my eye was caught by something sparkling in the sand:  it was a ring.  I picked it up and put it on my finger, resolving to give it to the public crier the next morning, who might find out its rightful owner; but, by ill-luck, I put it on my little finger, for which it was much too large, and as I hastened towards the fire to light my pipe, I dropped the ring.  I stooped to search for it amongst the provender on which a mule was feeding, and the cursed animal gave me so violent a kick on the head that I could not help roaring aloud.

“My cries awakened those who slept in the tent near which the mule was feeding.  Provoked at being disturbed, the soldiers were ready enough to think ill of me, and they took it for granted that I was a thief, who had stolen the ring I pretended to have just found.  The ring was taken from me by force, and the next day I was bastinadoed for having found it; the officer persisting in the belief that stripes would make me confess where I had concealed certain other articles of value which had lately been missed in the camp.  All this was the consequence of my being in a hurry to light my pipe and of my having put the ring on a finger that was too little for it, which no one but Murad the Unlucky would have done.

“When I was able to walk again, after my wounds were healed, I went into one of the tents distinguished by a red flag, having been told that these were coffee-houses.  Whilst I was drinking coffee I heard a stranger near me complaining that he had not been able to recover a valuable ring he had lost, although he had caused his loss to be published for three days by the public crier, offering a reward of two hundred sequins to whoever should restore it.  I guessed that this was the very ring which I had unfortunately found.  I addressed myself to the stranger, and promised to point out to him the person who had forced it from me.  The stranger recovered his ring, and, being convinced that I had acted honestly, he made me a present of two hundred sequins, as some amends for the punishment which I had unjustly suffered on his account.

“Now you would imagine that this purse of gold was advantageous to me.  Far the contrary; it was the cause of new misfortunes.

“One night, when I thought that the soldiers who were in the same tent with me were all fast asleep, I indulged myself in the pleasure of counting my treasure.  The next day I was invited by my companions to drink sherbet with them.  What they mixed with the sherbet which I drank I know not, but I could not resist the drowsiness it brought on.  I fell into a profound slumber, and when I awoke, I found myself lying under a date-tree, at some distance from the camp.

“The first thing I thought of when I came to my recollection was my purse of sequins.  The purse I found still safe in my girdle; but on opening it, I perceived that it was filled with pebbles, and not a single sequin was left.  I had no doubt that I had been robbed by the soldiers with whom I had drunk sherbet, and I am certain that some of them must have been awake the night I counted my money; otherwise, as I had never trusted the secret of my riches to any one, they could not have suspected me of possessing any property; for ever since I kept company with them I had appeared to be in great indigence.

“I applied in vain to the superior officers for redress:  the soldiers protested they were innocent; no positive proof appeared against them, and I gained nothing by my complaint but ridicule and ill-will.  I called myself, in the first transport of my grief, by that name which, since my arrival in Egypt, I had avoided to pronounce:  I called myself Murad the Unlucky.  The name and the story ran through the camp, and I was accosted, afterwards, very frequently, by this appellation.  Some, indeed, varied their wit by calling me Murad with the purse of pebbles.

“All that I had yet suffered is nothing compared to my succeeding misfortunes.

“It was the custom at this time, in the Turkish camp, for the soldiers to amuse themselves with firing at a mark.  The superior officers remonstrated against this dangerous practice, but ineffectually.  Sometimes a party of soldiers would stop firing for a few minutes, after a message was brought them from their commanders, and then they would begin again, in defiance of all orders.  Such was the want of discipline in our army, that this disobedience went unpunished.  In the meantime, the frequency of the danger made most men totally regardless of it.  I have seen tents pierced with bullets, in which parties were quietly seated smoking their pipes, whilst those without were preparing to take fresh aim at the red flag on the top.

“This apathy proceeded, in some, from unconquerable indolence of body; in others, from the intoxication produced by the fumes of tobacco and of opium; but in most of my brother Turks it arose from the confidence which the belief in predestination inspired.  When a bullet killed one of their companions, they only observed, scarcely taking the pipes from their mouths, ’Our hour is not yet come:  it is not the will of Mahomet that we should fall.’

“I own that this rash security appeared to me, at first, surprising, but it soon ceased to strike me with wonder, and it even tended to confirm my favourite opinion, that some were born to good and some to evil fortune.  I became almost as careless as my companions, from following the same course of reasoning.  ‘It is not,’ thought I, ’in the power of human prudence to avert the stroke of destiny.  I shall perhaps die to-morrow; let me therefore enjoy to-day.’

“I now made it my study every day to procure as much amusement as possible.  My poverty, as you will imagine, restricted me from indulgence and excess, but I soon found means to spend what did not actually belong to me.  There were certain Jews who were followers of the camp, and who, calculating on the probability of victory for our troops, advanced money to the soldiers, for which they engaged to pay these usurers exorbitant interest.  The Jew to whom I applied traded with me also, upon the belief that my brother Saladin, with whose character and circumstances he was acquainted, would pay my debts if I should fall.  With the money I raised from the Jew I continually bought coffee and opium, of which I grew immoderately fond.  In the delirium it created I forgot all my misfortunes, all fear of the future.

“One day, when I had raised my spirits by an unusual quantity of opium, I was strolling through the camp, sometimes singing, sometimes dancing, like a madman, and repeating that I was not now Murad the Unlucky.  Whilst these words were on my lips, a friendly spectator, who was in possession of his sober senses, caught me by the arm, and attempted to drag me from the place where I was exposing myself.  ‘Do you not see,’ said he, ’those soldiers, who are firing at a mark?  I saw one of them, just now, deliberately taking aim at your turban; and observe, he is now reloading his piece.’  My ill luck prevailed even at this instant ­the only instant in my life when I defied its power.  I struggled with my adviser, repeating, ’I am not the wretch you take me for; I am not Murad the Unlucky.’  He fled from the danger himself; I remained, and in a few seconds afterwards a ball reached me, and I fell senseless on the sand.

“The ball was cut out of my body by an awkward surgeon, who gave me ten times more pain than was necessary.  He was particularly hurried at this time, because the army had just received orders to march in a few hours, and all was confusion in the camp.  My wound was excessively painful, and the fear of being left behind with those who were deemed incurable added to my torments.  Perhaps, if I had kept myself quiet, I might have escaped some of the evils I afterwards endured; but, as I have repeatedly told you, gentlemen, it was my ill fortune never to be able to judge what was best to be done till the time for prudence was past.

“During the day, when my fever was at the height, and when my orders were to keep my bed, contrary to my natural habits of indolence, I rose a hundred times, and went out of my tent in the very heat of the day, to satisfy my curiosity as to the number of the tests which had not been struck, and of the soldiers who had not yet marched.  The orders to march were tardily obeyed, and many hours elapsed before our encampment was raised.  Had I submitted to my surgeon’s orders, I might have been in a state to accompany the most dilatory of the stragglers; I could have borne, perhaps, the slow motion of a litter, on which some of the sick were transported; but in the evening, when the surgeon came to dress my wounds, he found me in such a situation that it was scarcely possible to remove me.

“He desired a party of soldiers, who were left to bring up the rear, to call for me the next morning.  They did so; but they wanted to put me upon the mule which I recollected, by a white streak on its back, to be the cursed animal that had kicked me whilst I was looking for the ring.  I could not be prevailed upon to go upon this unlucky animal.  I tried to persuade the soldiers to carry me, and they took me a little way; but, soon growing weary of their burden, they laid me down on the sand, pretending that they were going to fill a skin with water at a spring they had discovered, and bade me lie still, and wait for their return.

“I waited and waited, longing for the water to moisten my parched lips; but no water came ­no soldiers returned; and there I lay, for several hours, expecting every moment to breathe my last.  I made no effort to move, for I was now convinced my hour was come, and that it was the will of Mahomet that I should perish in this miserable manner, and lie unburied like a dog:  ‘a death,’ thought I, ‘worthy of Murad the Unlucky.’

“My forebodings were not this time just; a detachment of English soldiers passed near the place where I lay:  my groans were heard by them, and they humanely came to my assistance.  They carried me with them, dressed my wound, and treated me with the utmost tenderness.  Christians though they were, I must acknowledge that I had reason to love them better than any of the followers of Mahomet, my good brother only excepted.

“Under their care I recovered; but scarcely had I regained my strength before I fell into new disasters.  It was hot weather, and my thirst was excessive.  I went out with a party, in hopes of finding a spring of water.  The English soldiers began to dig for a well, in a place pointed out to them by one of their men of science.  I was not inclined to such hard labour, but preferred sauntering on in search of a spring.  I saw at a distance something that looked like a pool of water; and I pointed it out to my companions.  Their man of science warned me by his interpreter not to trust to this deceitful appearance; for that such were common in this country, and that, when I came close to the spot, I should find no water there.  He added, that it was at a greater distance than I imagined; and that I should, in all probability, be lost in the desert if I attempted to follow this phantom.

“I was so unfortunate as not to attend to his advice:  I set out in pursuit of this accursed delusion, which assuredly was the work of evil spirits, who clouded my reason, and allured me into their dominion.  I went on, hour after hour, in expectation continually of reaching the object of my wishes; but it fled faster than I pursued, and I discovered at last that the Englishman, who had doubtless gained his information from the people of the country, was right; and that the shining appearance which I had taken for water was a mere deception.

“I was now exhausted with fatigue:  I looked back in vain after the companions I had left; I could see neither men, animals, nor any trace of vegetation in the sandy desert.  I had no resource but, weary as I was, to measure back my footsteps, which were imprinted in the sand.

“I slowly and sorrowfully traced them as my guides in this unknown land.  Instead of yielding to my indolent inclinations, I ought, however, to have made the best of my way back, before the evening breeze sprang up.  I felt the breeze rising, and, unconscious of my danger, I rejoiced, and opened my bosom to meet it; but what was my dismay when I saw that the wind swept before it all trace of my footsteps in the sand.  I knew not which way to proceed; I was struck with despair, tore my garments, threw off my turban, and cried aloud; but neither human voice nor echo answered me.  The silence was dreadful.  I had tasted no food for many hours, and I now became sick and faint.  I recollected that I had put a supply of opium into the folds of my turban; but, alas! when I took my turban up, I found that the opium had fallen out.  I searched for it in vain on the sand, where I had thrown the turban.

“I stretched myself out upon the ground, and yielded without further struggle to my evil destiny.  What I suffered from thirst, hunger, and heat cannot be described.  At last I fell into a sort of trance, during which images of various kinds seemed to flit before my eyes.  How long I remained in this state I know not:  but I remember that I was brought to my senses by a loud shout, which came from persons belonging to a caravan returning from Mecca.  This was a shout of joy for their safe arrival at a certain spring, well known to them in this part of the desert.

“The spring was not a hundred yards from the spot where I lay; yet, such had been the fate of Murad the Unlucky, that he missed the reality, whilst he had been hours in pursuit of the phantom.  Feeble and spiritless as I was, I sent forth as loud a cry as I could, in hopes of obtaining assistance; and I endeavoured to crawl to the place from which the voices appeared to come.  The caravan rested for a considerable time whilst the slaves filled the skins with water, and whilst the camels took in their supply.  I worked myself on towards them; yet, notwithstanding my efforts, I was persuaded that, according to my usual ill-fortune, I should never be able to make them hear my voice.  I saw them mount their camels!  I took off my turban, unrolled it, and waved it in the air.  My signal was seen!  The caravan came towards me!

“I had scarcely strength to speak; a slave gave me some water, and, after I had drunk, I explained to them who I was, and how I came into this situation.

“Whilst I was speaking, one of the travellers observed the purse which hung to my girdle:  it was the same the merchant for whom I recovered the ring had given to me; I had carefully preserved it, because the initials of my benefactor’s name and a passage from the Koran were worked upon it.  When he give it to me, he said that perhaps we should meet again in some other part of the world, and he should recognise me by this token.  The person who now took notice of the purse was his brother; and when I related to him how I had obtained it, he had the goodness to take me under his protection.  He was a merchant, who was now going with the caravan to Grand Cairo:  he offered to take me with him, and I willingly accepted the proposal, promising to serve him as faithfully as any of his slaves.  The caravan proceeded, and I was carried with it.”

CHAPTER II

“The merchant, who was become my master, treated me with great kindness; but on hearing me relate the whole series of my unfortunate adventures, he exacted a promise from me that I would do nothing without first consulting him.  ‘Since you are so unlucky, Murad,’ said he, ’that you always choose for the worst when you choose for yourself, you should trust entirely to the judgment of a wiser or a more fortunate friend.’

“I fared well in the service of this merchant, who was a man of a mild disposition, and who was so rich that he could afford to be generous to all his dependants.  It was my business to see his camels loaded and unloaded at proper places, to count his bales of merchandise, and to take care that they were not mixed with those of his companions.  This I carefully did till the day we arrived at Alexandria; when, unluckily, I neglected to count the bales, taking it for granted that they were all right, as I had found them so the preceding day.  However, when we were to go on board the vessel that was to take us to Cairo, I perceived that three bales of cotton were missing.

“I ran to inform my master, who, though a good deal provoked at my negligence, did not reproach me as I deserved.  The public crier was immediately sent round the city, to offer a reward for the recovery of the merchandise; and it was restored by one of the merchants’ slaves with whom we had travelled.  The vessel was now under sail; my master and I and the bales of cotton were obliged to follow in a boat; and when we were taken on board, the captain declared he was so loaded, that he could not tell where to stow the bales of cotton.  After much difficulty, he consented to let them remain upon deck; and I promised my master to watch them night and day.

“We had a prosperous voyage, and were actually in sight of shore, which the captain said we could not fail to reach early the next morning.  I stayed, as usual, this night upon deck, and solaced myself by smoking my pipe.  Ever since I had indulged in this practice at the camp at El Arish, I could not exist without opium and tobacco.  I suppose that my reason was this night a little clouded with the dose I took; but towards midnight I was sobered by terror.  I started up from the deck on which I had stretched myself; my turban was in flames ­the bale of cotton on which I had rested was all on fire.  I awakened two sailors, who were fast asleep on deck.  The consternation became general, and the confusion increased the danger.  The captain and my master were the most active, and suffered the most, in extinguishing the flames ­my master was terribly scorched.

“For my part, I was not suffered to do anything; the captain ordered that I should be bound to the mast; and when at last the flames were extinguished, the passengers, with one accord, besought him to keep me bound hand and foot, lest I should be the cause of some new disaster.  All that had happened was, indeed, occasioned by my ill-luck.  I had laid my pipe down, when I was falling asleep, upon the bale of cotton that was beside me.  The fire from my pipe fell out and set the cotton in flames.  Such was the mixture of rage and terror with which I had inspired the whole crew, that I am sure they would have set me ashore on a desert island rather than have had me on board for a week longer.  Even my humane master, I could perceive, was secretly impatient to get rid of Murad the Unlucky and his evil fortune.

“You may believe that I was heartily glad when we landed, and when I was unbound.  My master put a purse containing fifty sequins into my hand, and bade me farewell.  ‘Use this money prudently, Murad, if you can,’ said he, ‘and perhaps your fortune may change.’  Of this I had little hopes, but determined to lay out my money as prudently as possible.

“As I was walking through the streets of Grand Cairo, considering how I should lay out my fifty sequins to the greatest advantage, I was stopped by one who called me by my name, and asked me if I could pretend to have forgotten his face.  I looked steadily at him, and recollected to my sorrow that he was the Jew Rachub, from whom I had borrowed certain sums of money at the camp at El Arish.  What brought him to Grand Cairo, except it was my evil destiny, I cannot tell.  He would not quit me; he would take no excuses; he said he knew that I had deserted twice, once from the Turkish and once from the English army; that I was not entitled to any pay; and that he could not imagine it possible that my brother Saladin would own me or pay my debts.

“I replied, for I was vexed by the insolence of this Jewish dog, that I was not, as he imagined, a beggar:  that I had the means of paying him my just debt, but that I hoped he would not extort from me all that exorbitant interest which none but a Jew could exact.  He smiled, and answered that if a Turk loved opium better than money this was no fault of his; that he had supplied me with what I loved best in the world, and that I ought not to complain when he expected I should return the favour.

“I will not weary you, gentlemen, with all the arguments that passed between me and Rachub.  At last we compromised matters; he would take nothing less than the whole debt:  but he let me have at a very cheap rate a chest of second-hand clothes, by which he assured me I might make my fortune.  He brought them to Grand Cairo, he said, for the purpose of selling them to slave merchants, who, at this time of the year, were in want of them to supply their slaves; but he was in haste to get home to his wife and family at Constantinople, and, therefore, he was willing to make over to a friend the profits of this speculation.  I should have distrusted Rachub’s professions of friendship, and especially of disinterestedness, but he took me with him to the khan where his goods were, and unlocked the chest of clothes to show them to me.  They were of the richest and finest materials, and had been but little worn.  I could not doubt the evidence of my senses; the bargain was concluded, and the Jew sent porters to my inn with the chest.

“The next day I repaired to the public market-place; and, when my business was known, I had choice of customers before night ­my chest was empty, and my purse was full.  The profit I made upon the sale of these clothes was so considerable, that I could not help feeling astonishment at Rachub’s having brought himself so readily to relinquish them.

“A few days after I had disposed of the contents of my chest, a Damascene merchant, who had bought two suits of apparel from me, told me, with a very melancholy face, that both the female slaves who had put on these clothes were sick.  I could not conceive that the clothes were the cause of their sickness; but soon afterwards, as I was crossing the market, I was attacked by at least a dozen merchants, who made similar complaints.  They insisted upon knowing how I came by the garments, and demanded whether I had worn any of them myself.  This day I had, for the first time, indulged myself with wearing a pair of yellow slippers, the only finery I had reserved for myself out of all the tempting goods.  Convinced by my wearing these slippers that I could have had no insidious designs, since I shared the danger, whatever it might be, the merchants were a little pacified; but what was my terror and remorse the next day, when one of them came to inform me that plague-boils had broken out under the arms of all the slaves who had worn this pestilential apparel!  On looking carefully into the chest, we found the word ‘Smyrna’ written, and half effaced, upon the lid.  Now, the plague had for some time raged at Smyrna; and, as the merchants suspected, these clothes had certainly belonged to persons who had died of that distemper.  This was the reason why the Jew was willing to sell them to me so cheap; and it was for this reason that he would not stay at Grand Cairo himself to reap the profits of his speculation.  Indeed, if I had paid attention to it at the proper time, a slight circumstance might have revealed the truth to me.  Whilst I was bargaining with the Jew, before he opened the chest, he swallowed a large dram of brandy, and stuffed his nostrils with sponge dipped in vinegar; he told me, he did to prevent his perceiving the smell of musk, which always threw him into convulsions.

“The horror I felt when I discovered that I had spread the infection of the plague, and that I had probably caught it myself, overpowered my senses ­a cold dew spread over all my limbs, and I fell upon the lid of the fatal chest in a swoon.  It is said that fear disposes people to take the infection; however this may be, I sickened that evening, and soon was in a raging fever.  It was worse for me whenever the delirium left me, and I could reflect upon the miseries my ill-fortune had occasioned.  In my first lucid interval I looked round, and saw that I had been removed from the khan to a wretched hut.  An old woman, who was smoking her pipe in the farthest corner of my room, informed me that I had been sent out of the town of Grand Cairo by order of the cadi, to whom the merchants had made their complaint.  The fatal chest was burnt, and the house in which I had lodged razed to the ground.  ‘And if it had not been for me,’ continued the old woman, ’you would have been dead probably at this instant; but I have made a vow to our great Prophet that I would never neglect an opportunity of doing a good action; therefore, when you were deserted by all the world, I took care of you.  Here, too, is your purse, which I saved from the rabble ­and, what is more difficult, from the officers of justice.  I will account to you for every part that I have expended; and will, moreover, tell you the reason of my making such an extraordinary vow.’

“As I believed that this benevolent old woman took great pleasure in talking, I made an inclination of my head to thank her for her promised history, and she proceeded; but I must confess I did not listen with all the attention her narrative doubtless deserved.  Even curiosity, the strongest passion of us Turks, was dead within me.  I have no recollection of the old woman’s story.  It is as much as I can do to finish my own.

“The weather became excessively hot; it was affirmed by some of the physicians that this heat would prove fatal to their patients; but, contrary to the prognostics of the physicians, it stopped the progress of the plague.  I recovered, and found my purse much lightened by my illness.  I divided the remainder of my money with my humane nurse, and sent her out into the city to inquire how matters were going on.

“She brought me word that the fury of the plague had much abated, but that she had met several funerals, and that she had heard many of the merchants cursing the folly of Murad the Unlucky, who, as they said, had brought all this calamity upon the inhabitants of Cairo.  Even fools, they say, learn by experience.  I took care to burn the bed on which I had lain and the clothes I had worn; I concealed my real name, which I knew would inspire detestation, and gained admittance, with a crowd of other poor wretches, into a lazaretto, where I performed quarantine and offered up prayers daily for the sick.

“When I thought it was impossible I could spread the infection, I took my passage home.  I was eager to get away from Grand Cairo, where I knew I was an object of execration.  I had a strange fancy haunting my mind; I imagined that all my misfortunes, since I left Constantinople, had arisen from my neglect of the talisman upon the beautiful china vase.  I dreamed three times, when I was recovering from the plague, that a genius appeared to me, and said, in a reproachful tone, ’Murad, where is the vase that was entrusted to thy care?’

“This dream operated strongly upon my imagination.  As soon as we arrived at Constantinople, which we did, to my great surprise, without meeting with any untoward accidents, I went in search of my brother Saladin to inquire for my vase.  He no longer lived in the house in which I left him, and I began to be apprehensive that he was dead, but a porter, hearing my inquiries, exclaimed, ’Who is there in Constantinople that is ignorant of the dwelling of Saladin the Lucky?  Come with me, and I will show it to you.’

“The mansion to which he conducted me looked so magnificent that I was almost afraid to enter lest there should be some mistake.  But whilst I was hesitating the doors opened, and I heard my brother Saladin’s voice.  He saw me almost at the same instant that I fixed my eyes upon him, and immediately sprang forward to embrace me.  He was the same good brother as ever, and I rejoiced in his prosperity with all my heart.  ’Brother Saladin,’ said I, ’can you now doubt that some men are born to be fortunate and others to be unfortunate?  How often you used to dispute this point with me!’

“‘Let us not dispute it now in the public street,’ said he, smiling; ’but come in and refresh yourself, and we will consider the question afterwards at leisure.’

“‘No, my dear brother,’ said I, drawing back, ’you are too good:  Murad the Unlucky shall not enter your house, lest he should draw down misfortunes upon you and yours.  I come only to ask for my vase.’

“‘It is safe,’ cried he; ’come in, and you shall see it:  but I will not give it up till I have you in my house.  I have none of these superstitious fears:  pardon me the expression, but I have none of these superstitious fears.’

“I yielded, entered his house, and was astonished at all I saw.  My brother did not triumph in his prosperity; but, on the contrary, seemed intent only upon making me forget my misfortunes:  he listened to the account of them with kindness, and obliged me by the recital of his history:  which was, I must acknowledge, far less wonderful than my own.  He seemed, by his own account, to have grown rich in the common course of things; or rather, by his own prudence.  I allowed for his prejudices, and, unwilling to dispute farther with him, said, ’You must remain of your opinion, brother, and I of mine; you are Saladin the Lucky, and I Murad the Unlucky; and so we shall remain to the end of our lives.’

“I had not been in his house four days when an accident happened, which showed how much I was in the right.  The favourite of the sultan, to whom he had formerly sold his china vase, though her charms were now somewhat faded by time, still retained her power and her taste for magnificence.  She commissioned my brother to bespeak for her, at Venice, the most splendid looking-glass that money could purchase.  The mirror, after many delays and disappointments, at length arrived at my brother’s house.  He unpacked it, and sent to let the lady know it was in perfect safety.  It was late in the evening, and she ordered it should remain where it was that night, and that it should be brought to the seraglio the next morning.  It stood in a sort of ante-chamber to the room in which I slept; and with it were left some packages, containing glass chandeliers for an unfinished saloon in my brother’s house.  Saladin charged all his domestics to be vigilant this night, because he had money to a great amount by him, and there had been frequent robberies in our neighbourhood.  Hearing these orders, I resolved to be in readiness at a moment’s warning.  I laid my scimitar beside me upon a cushion, and left my door half open, that I might hear the slightest noise in the ante-chamber or the great staircase.  About midnight I was suddenly awakened by a noise in the ante-chamber.  I started up, seized my scimitar, and the instant I got to the door, saw, by the light of the lamp which was burning in the room, a man standing opposite to me, with a drawn sword in his hand.  I rushed forward, demanding what he wanted, and received no answer; but seeing him aim at me with his scimitar, I gave him, as I thought, a deadly blow.  At this instant I heard a great crash; and the fragments of the looking-glass, which I had shivered, fell at my feet.  At the same moment something black brushed by my shoulder:  I pursued it, stumbled over the packages of glass, and rolled over them down the stairs.

“My brother came out of his room to inquire the cause of all this disturbance; and when he saw the fine mirror broken, and me lying amongst the glass chandeliers at the bottom of the stairs, he could not forbear exclaiming, ‘Well, brother! you are indeed Murad the Unlucky.’

“When the first emotion was over, he could not, however, forbear laughing at my situation.  With a degree of goodness, which made me a thousand times more sorry for the accident, he came downstairs to help me up, gave me his hand, and said, ’Forgive me if I was angry with you at first.  I am sure you did not mean to do me any injury; but tell me how all this has happened?’

“Whilst Saladin was speaking, I heard the same kind of noise which had alarmed me in the ante-chamber; but, on looking back, I saw only a black pigeon, which flew swiftly by me, unconscious of the mischief he had occasioned.  This pigeon I had unluckily brought into the house the preceding day; and had been feeding and trying to tame it for my young nephews.  I little thought it would be the cause of such disasters.  My brother, though he endeavoured to conceal his anxiety from me, was much disturbed at the idea of meeting the favourite’s displeasure, who would certainly be grievously disappointed by the loss of her splendid looking-glass.  I saw that I should inevitably be his ruin if I continued in his house; and no persuasions could prevail upon me to prolong my stay.  My generous brother, seeing me determined to go, said to me, ’A factor, whom I have employed for some years to sell merchandise for me, died a few days ago.  Will you take his place?  I am rich enough to bear any little mistakes you may fall into from ignorance of business; and you will have a partner who is able and willing to assist you.’

“I was touched to the heart by this kindness, especially at such a time as this.  He sent one of his slaves with me to the shop in which you now see me, gentlemen.  The slave, by my brother’s directions, brought with us my china vase, and delivered it safely to me, with this message:  ’The scarlet dye that was found in this vase, and in its fellow, was the first cause of Saladin’s making the fortune he now enjoys:  he therefore does no more than justice in sharing that fortune with his brother Murad.’

“I was now placed in as advantageous a situation as possible; but my mind was ill at ease when I reflected that the broken mirror might be my brother’s ruin.  The lady by whom it had been bespoken was, I well knew, of a violent temper; and this disappointment was sufficient to provoke her to vengeance.  My brother sent me word this morning, however, that though her displeasure was excessive, it was in my power to prevent any ill consequences that might ensue.  ‘In my power!’ I exclaimed; ’then, indeed, I am happy!  Tell my brother there is nothing I will not do to show him my gratitude and to save him from the consequences of my folly.’

“The slave who was sent by my brother seemed unwilling to name what was required of me, saying that his master was afraid I should not like to grant the request.  I urged him to speak freely, and he then told me the favourite declared nothing would make her amends for the loss of the mirror but the fellow-vase to that which she had bought from Saladin.  It was impossible for me to hesitate; gratitude for my brother’s generous kindness overcame my superstitious obstinacy, and I sent him word I would carry the vase to him myself.

“I took it down this evening from the shelf on which it stood; it was covered with dust, and I washed it, but, unluckily, in endeavouring to clean the inside from the remains of the scarlet powder, I poured hot water into it, and immediately I heard a simmering noise, and my vase, in a few instants, burst asunder with a loud explosion.  These fragments, alas! are all that remain.  The measure of my misfortunes is now completed!  Can you wonder, gentlemen, that I bewail my evil destiny?  Am I not justly called Murad the Unlucky?  Here end all my hopes in this world!  Better would it have been if I had died long ago!  Better that I had never been born!  Nothing I ever have done or attempted has prospered.  Murad the Unlucky is my name, and ill-fate has marked me for her own.”

CHAPTER III

The lamentations of Murad were interrupted by the entrance of Saladin.  Having waited in vain for some hours, he now came to see if any disaster had happened to his brother Murad.  He was surprised at the sight of the two pretended merchants, and could not refrain from exclamations on beholding the broken vase.  However, with his usual equanimity and good-nature, he began to console Murad; and, taking up the fragments, examined them carefully, one by one joined them together again, found that none of the edges of the china were damaged, and declared he could have it mended so as to look as well as ever.

Murad recovered his spirits upon this.  “Brother,” said he, “I comfort myself for being Murad the Unlucky when I reflect that you are Saladin the Lucky.  See, gentlemen,” continued he, turning to the pretended merchants, “scarcely has this most fortunate of men been five minutes in company before he gives a happy turn to affairs.  His presence inspires joy:  I observe your countenances, which had been saddened by my dismal history, have brightened up since he has made his appearance.  Brother, I wish you would make these gentlemen some amends for the time they have wasted in listening to my catalogue of misfortunes by relating your history, which, I am sure, they will find rather more exhilarating.”

Saladin consented, on condition that the strangers would accompany him home and partake of a social banquet.  They at first repeated the former excuse of their being obliged to return to their inn; but at length the sultan’s curiosity prevailed, and he and his vizier went home with Saladin the Lucky, who, after supper, related his history in the following manner: ­

“My being called Saladin the Lucky first inspired me with confidence in myself; though I own that I cannot remember any extraordinary instances of good luck in my childhood.  An old nurse of my mother’s, indeed, repeated to me twenty times a day that nothing I undertook could fail to succeed, because I was Saladin the Lucky.  I became presumptuous and rash; and my nurse’s prognostics might have effectually prevented their accomplishment had I not, when I was about fifteen, been roused to reflection during a long confinement, which was the consequence of my youthful conceit and imprudence.

“At this time there was at the Porte a Frenchman, an ingenious engineer, who was employed and favoured by the sultan, to the great astonishment of many of my prejudiced countrymen.  On the grand seignior’s birthday he exhibited some extraordinarily fine fireworks; and I, with numbers of the inhabitants of Constantinople, crowded to see them.  I happened to stand near the place where the Frenchman was stationed; the crowd pressed upon him, and I amongst the rest; he begged we would, for our own sakes, keep at a greater distance, and warned us that we might be much hurt by the combustibles which he was using.  I, relying upon my mood fortune, disregarded all these cautions; and the consequence was that, as I touched some of the materials prepared for the fireworks, they exploded, dashed me upon the ground with great violence, and I was terribly burnt.

“This accident, gentlemen, I consider as one of the most fortunate circumstances of my life; for it checked and corrected the presumption of my temper.  During the time I was confined to my bed the French gentleman came frequently to see me.  He was a very sensible man; and the conversations he had with me enlarged my mind and cured me of many foolish prejudices, especially of that which I had been taught to entertain concerning the predominance of what is called luck or fortune in human affairs.  ‘Though you are called Saladin the Lucky,’ said he, ’you find that your neglect of prudence has nearly brought you to the grave even in the bloom of youth.  Take my advice, and henceforward trust more to prudence than to fortune.  Let the multitude, if they will, call you Saladin the Lucky; but call yourself, and make yourself, Saladin the Prudent.’

“These words left an indelible impression on my mind, and gave a new turn to my thoughts and character.  My brother, Murad, his doubtless told you our difference of opinion on the subject of predestination produced between us frequent arguments; but we could never convince one another, and we each have acted, through life, in consequence of our different beliefs.  To this I attribute my success and his misfortunes.

“The first rise of my fortune, as you have probably heard from Murad, was owing to the scarlet dye, which I brought to perfection with infinite difficulty.  The powder, it is true, was accidentally found by me in our china vases; but there it might have remained to this instant, useless, if I had not taken the pains to make it useful.  I grant that we can only partially foresee and command events; yet on the use we make of our own powers, I think, depends our destiny.  But, gentlemen, you would rather hear my adventures, perhaps, than my reflections; and I am truly concerned, for your sakes, that I have no wonderful events to relate.  I am sorry I cannot tell you of my having been lost in a sandy desert.  I have never had the plague, nor even been shipwrecked:  I have been all my life an inhabitant of Constantinople, and have passed my time in a very quiet and uniform manner.

“The money I received from the sultan’s favourite for my china vase, as my brother may have told you, enabled me to trade on a more extensive scale.  I went on steadily with my business, and made it my whole study to please my employers by all fair and honourable means.  This industry and civility succeeded beyond my expectations:  in a few years I was rich for a man in my way of business.

“I will not proceed to trouble you with the journal of a petty merchant’s life; I pass on to the incident which made a considerable change in my affairs.

“A terrible fire broke out near the walls of the grand seignior’s seraglio.  As you are strangers, gentlemen, you may not have heard of this event, though it produced so great a sensation in Constantinople.  The vizier’s superb palace was utterly consumed, and the melted lead poured down from the roof of the mosque of St. Sophia.  Various were the opinions formed by my neighbours respecting the cause of the conflagration.  Some supposed it to be a punishment for the sultan’s having neglected one Friday to appear it the mosque of St. Sophia; others considered it as a warning sent by Mahomet to dissuade the Porte from persisting in a war in which we were just engaged.  The generality, however, of the coffee-house politicians contented themselves with observing that it was the will of Mahomet that the palace should be consumed.  Satisfied by this supposition, they took no precaution to prevent similar accidents in their own houses.  Never were fires so common in the city as at this period; scarcely a night passed without our being wakened by the cry of fire.

“These frequent fires were rendered still more dreadful by villains, who were continually on the watch to increase the confusion by which they profited, and to pillage the houses of the sufferers.  It was discovered that these incendiaries frequently skulked, towards evening, in the neighbourhood of the bezestein, where the richest merchants store their goods.  Some of these wretches were detected in throwing coundaks, or matches, into the windows; and if these combustibles remained a sufficient time, they could not fail to set the house on fire.

“Notwithstanding all these circumstances, many even of those who had property to preserve continued to repeat, ‘It is the will of Mahomet,’ and consequently to neglect all means of preservation.  I, on the contrary, recollecting the lesson I had learned from the sensible foreigner, neither suffered my spirits to sink with superstitious fears of ill-luck, nor did I trust presumptuously to my good fortune.  I took every possible means to secure myself.  I never went to bed without having seen that all the lights and fires in the house were extinguished, and that I had a supply of water in the cistern.  I had likewise learned from my Frenchman that wet mortar was the most effectual thing for stopping the progress of flames.  I, therefore, had a quantity of mortar made up in one of my outhouses, which I could use at a moment’s warning.  These precautions were all useful to me.  My own house, indeed, was never actually on fire; but the houses of my next-door neighbours were no less than five times in flames in the course of one winter.  By my exertions, or rather by my precautions, they suffered but little damage, and all my neighbours looked upon me as their deliverer and friend; they loaded me with presents, and offered more, indeed, than I would accept.  All repeated that I was Saladin the Lucky.  This compliment I disclaimed, feeling more ambitious of being called Saladin the Prudent.  It is thus that what we call modesty is often only a more refined species of pride.  But to proceed with my story.

“One night I had been later than usual at supper at a friend’s house; none but the watch were in the streets, and even they, I believe, were asleep.

“As I passed one of the conduits which convey water to the city, I heard a trickling noise; and, upon examination, I found that the cook of the water-spout was half turned, so that the water was running out.  I turned it back to its proper place, thought it had been left unturned by accident, and walked on; but I had not proceeded far before I came to another spout, and another, which were in the same condition.  I was convinced that this could not be the effect merely of accident, and suspected that some ill-intentioned persons designed to let out and waste the water of the city, that there might be none to extinguish any fire that should break out in the course of the night.

“I stood still for a few moments, to consider how it would be most prudent to act.  It would be impossible for me to run to all parts of the city, that I might stop the pipes that were running to waste.  I first thought of wakening the watch and the firemen, who were most of them slumbering at their stations; but I reflected that they were perhaps not to be trusted, and that they were in a confederacy with the incendiaries, otherwise they would certainly before this hour have observed and stopped the running of the sewers in their neighbourhood.  I determined to waken a rich merchant, called Damat Zade, who lived near me, and who had a number of slaves whom he could send to different parts of the city, to prevent mischief and give notice to the inhabitants of their danger.

“He was a very sensible, active man, and one that could easily be wakened; he was not like some Turks, an hour in recovering their lethargic senses.  He was quick in decision and action; and his slaves resembled their master.  He despatched a messenger immediately to the grand vizier, that the sultan’s safety might be secured, and sent others to the magistrates in each quarter of Constantinople.  The large drums in the janissary aga’s tower beat to rouse the inhabitants; and scarcely had they been heard to beat half an hour before the fire broke out in the lower apartments of Damat Zade’s house, owing to a coundak which had been left behind one of the doors.

“The wretches who had prepared the mischief came to enjoy it, and to pillage; but they were disappointed.  Astonished to find themselves taken into custody, they could not comprehend how their designs had been frustrated.  By timely exertions, the fire in my friend’s house was extinguished; and though fires broke out during the night in many parts of the city, but little damage was sustained, because there was time for precautions, and, by the stopping of the spouts, sufficient water was preserved.  People were awakened and warned of the danger, and they consequently escaped unhurt.

“The next day, as soon as I made my appearance at the bezestein, the merchants crowded round, called me their benefactor, and the preserver of their lives and fortunes.  Damat Zade, the merchant whom I had awakened the preceding night, presented to me a heavy purse of gold, and put upon my finger a diamond ring of considerable value; each of the merchants followed his example in making me rich presents; the magistrates also sent me tokens of their approbation; and the grand vizier sent me a diamond of the first water, with a line written by his own hand, ’To the man who has saved Constantinople.’  Excuse me, gentlemen, for the vanity I seem to show in mentioning these circumstances.  You desired to hear my history, and I cannot, therefore, omit the principal circumstance of my life.  In the course of four-and-twenty hours I found myself raised, by the munificent gratitude of the inhabitants of this city, to a state of affluence far beyond what I had ever dreamed of attaining.

“I now took a house suited to my circumstances, and bought a few slaves.  As I was carrying my slaves home, I was met by a Jew, who stopped me, saying, in his language, ’My lord, I see, has been purchasing slaves; I could clothe them cheaply.’  There was something mysterious in the manner of this Jew, and I did not like his countenance; but I considered that I ought not to be governed by caprice in my dealings, and that, if this man could really clothe my slaves more cheaply than another, I ought not to neglect his offer merely because I took a dislike to the cut of his beard, the turn of his eye, or the tone of his voice.  I, therefore, bade the Jew follow me home, saying that I would consider of his proposal.

“When we came to talk over the matter, I was surprised to find him so reasonable in his demands.  On one point, indeed, he appeared unwilling to comply.  I required not only to see the clothes I was offered, but also to know how they came into his possession.  On this subject he equivocated; I, therefore, suspected there must be something wrong.  I reflected what it could be, and judged that the goods had been stolen, or that they had been the apparel of persons who had died of some contagious distemper.  The Jew showed me a chest, from which he said I might choose whatever suited me best.  I observed that, as he was going to unlock the chest, he stuffed his nose with some aromatic herbs.  He told me that he did so to prevent his smelling the musk with which the chest was perfumed; musk, he said, had an extraordinary effect upon his nerves.  I begged to have some of the herbs which he used himself, declaring that musk was likewise offensive to me.

“The Jew, either struck by his own conscience or observing my suspicions, turned as pale as death.  He pretended he had not the right key, and could not unlock the chest; said he must go in search of it, and that he would call on me again.

“After he had left me, I examined some writing upon the lid of the chest that had been nearly effaced.  I made out the word ‘Smyrna,’ and this was sufficient to confirm all my suspicions.  The Jew returned no more; he sent some porters to carry away the chest, and I heard nothing of him for some time, till one day, when I was at the house of Damat Zade, I saw a glimpse of the Jew passing hastily through one of the courts, as if he wished to avoid me.  ‘My friend,’ said I to Damat Zade, ’do not attribute my question to impertinent curiosity, or to a desire to intermeddle with your affairs, if I venture to ask the nature of your business with the Jew who has just now crossed your court?’

“‘He has engaged to supply me with clothing for my slaves,’ replied my friend, ’cheaper than I can purchase it elsewhere.  I have a design to surprise my daughter Fatima, on her birthday, with an entertainment in the pavilion in the garden, and all her female slaves shall appear in new dresses on the occasion.’

“I interrupted my friend, to tell him what I suspected relative to this Jew and his chest of clothes.  It is certain that the infection of the plague can be communicated by clothes, not only after months, but after years have elapsed.  The merchant resolved to have nothing more to do with this wretch, who could thus hazard the lives of thousands of his follow-creatures for a few pieces of gold.  We sent notice of the circumstance to the cadi, but the cadi was slow in his operations; and before he could take the Jew into custody the cunning fellow had effected his escape.  When his house was searched, he and his chest had disappeared.  We discovered that he sailed for Egypt, and rejoiced that we had driven him from Constantinople.

“My friend, Damat Zade, expressed the warmest gratitude to me.  ’You formerly saved my fortune; you have now saved my life, and a life yet dearer than my own:  that of my daughter Fatima.’

“At the sound of that name I could not, I believe, avoid showing some emotion.  I had accidentally seen this lady, and I had been captivated by her beauty and by the sweetness of her countenance; but as I knew she was destined to be the wife of another, I suppressed my feeling, and determined to banish the recollection of the fair Fatima for ever from my imagination.  Her father, however, at this instant threw into my way a temptation which it required all my fortitude to resist.  ‘Saladin,’ continued he, ’it is but just that you, who have saved our lives, should share our festivity.  Come here on the birthday of my Fatima; I will place you in a balcony which overlooks the garden, and you shall see the whole spectacle.  We shall have a feast of tulips, in imitation of that which, as you know, is held in the grand seignior’s gardens.  I assure you the sight will be worth seeing; and besides, you will have a chance of beholding my Fatima, for a moment, without her veil.’

“‘That,’ interrupted I, ’is the thing I most wish to avoid.  I dare not indulge myself in a pleasure which might cost me the happiness of my life.  I will conceal nothing from you, who treat me with so much confidence.  I have already beheld the charming countenance of your Fatima, but I know that she is destined to be the wife of a happier man.’

“Damat Zade seemed much pleased by the frankness with which I explained myself; but he would not give up the idea of my sitting with him in the balcony on the day of the feast of tulips; and I, on my part, could not consent to expose myself to another view of the charming Fatima.  My friend used every argument, or rather every sort of persuasion, he could imagine to prevail upon me; he then tried to laugh me out of my resolution; and, when all failed, he said, in a voice of anger, ’Go, then, Saladin:  I am sure you are deceiving me; you have a passion for some other woman, and you would conceal it from me, and persuade me you refuse the favour I offer you from prudence, when, in fact, it is from indifference and contempt.  Why could you not speak the truth of your heart to me with that frankness with which one friend should treat another?’

“Astonished at this unexpected charge, and at the anger which flashed from the eyes of Damat Zade, who till this moment had always appeared to me a man of a mild and reasonable temper, I was for an instant tempted to fly into a passion and leave him; but friends, once lost, are not easily regained.  This consideration had power sufficient to make me command my temper.  ‘My friend,’ replied I, ’we will talk over this affair to-morrow.  You are now angry, and cannot do me justice, but to-morrow you will be cool; you will then be convinced that I have not deceived you, and that I have no design but to secure my own happiness, by the most prudent means in my power, by avoiding the sight of the dangerous Fatima.  I have no passion for any other woman.’

“‘Then,’ said my friend, embracing me, and quitting the tone of anger which he had assumed only to try my resolution to the utmost, ’Then, Saladin, Fatima is yours.’

“I scarcely dared to believe my senses; I could not express my joy!  ’Yes, my friend,’ continued the merchant, ’I have tried your prudence to the utmost, it has been victorious, and I resign my Fatima to you, certain that you will make her happy.  It is true I had a greater alliance in view for her ­the Pacha of Maksoud has demanded her from me; but I have found, upon private inquiry, he is addicted to the intemperate use of opium, and my daughter shall never be the wife of one who is a violent madman one-half the day and a melancholy idiot during the remainder.  I have nothing to apprehend from the pacha’s resentment, because I have powerful friends with the grand vizier, who will oblige him to listen to reason, and to submit quietly to a disappointment he so justly merits.  And now, Saladin, have you any objection to seeing the feast of tulips?’

“I replied only by falling at the merchant’s feet, and embracing his knees.  The feast of tulips came and on that day I was married to the charming Fatima!  The charming Fatima I continue still to think her, though she has now been my wife some years.  She is the joy and pride of my heart; and, from our mutual affection, I have experienced more felicity than from all the other circumstances of my life, which are called so fortunate.  Her father gave me the house in which I now live, and joined his possessions to ours; so that I have more wealth even than I desire.  My riches, however, give me continually the means of relieving the wants of others; and therefore I cannot affect to despise them.  I must persuade my brother Murad to share them with me, and to forget his misfortunes:  I shall then think myself completely happy.  As to the sultana’s looking-glass and your broken vase, my dear brother,” continued Saladin, “we must think of some means ­”

“Think no more of the sultana’s looking-glass or of the broken vase,” exclaimed the sultan, throwing aside his merchant’s habit, and showing beneath it his own imperial vest.  “Saladin, I rejoice to have heard, from your own lips, the history of your life.  I acknowledge, vizier, I have been in the wrong in our argument,” continued the sultan, turning to his vizier.  “I acknowledge that the histories of Saladin the Lucky and Murad the Unlucky favour your opinion, that prudence has more influence than chance in human affairs.  The success and happiness of Saladin seem to me to have arisen from his prudence:  by that prudence Constantinople has been saved from flames and from the plague.  Had Murad possessed his brother’s discretion, he would not have been on the point of losing his head, for selling rolls which he did not bake:  he would not have been kicked by a mule or bastinadoed for finding a ring:  he would not have been robbed by one party of soldiers, or shot by another:  he would not have been lost in a desert, or cheated by a Jew:  he would not have set a ship on fire; nor would he have caught the plague, and spread it through Grand Cairo:  he would not have run my sultana’s looking-glass through the body, instead of a robber:  he would not have believed that the fate of his life depended on certain verses on a china vase:  nor would he, at last, have broken this precious talisman, by washing it with hot water.  Henceforward, let Murad the Unlucky be named Murad the Imprudent:  let Saladin preserve the surname he merits, and be henceforth called Saladin the Prudent.”

So spake the sultan, who, unlike the generality of monarchs, could bear to find himself in the wrong, and could discover his vizier to be in the right without cutting off his head.  History farther informs us that the sultan offered to make Saladin a pacha, and to commit to him the government of a province; but, Saladin the Prudent declined this honour, saying he had no ambition, was perfectly happy in his present situation, and that, when this was the case, it would be folly to change, because no one can be more than happy.  What farther adventures befell Murad the Imprudent are not recorded; it is known only that he became a daily visitor to the Teriaky, and that he died a martyr to the immoderate use of opium.