Jim’s father died at Gettysburg; up against the Stone Fence; went to heaven in a chariot of fire on that fateful day when the issue between the two parts of the country was decided:  when the slaughter on the Confe’d-erate side was such that after the battle a lieutenant was in charge of a regiment, and a major commanded a brigade.

This fact was much to Jim, though no one knew it:  it tempered his mind:  ruled his life.  He never remembered the time when he did not know the story his mother, in her worn black dress and with her pale face, used to tell him of the bullet-dented sword and faded red sash which hung on the chamber wall.

They were the poorest people in the neighborhood.  Everybody was poor; for the county lay in the track of the armies, and the war had swept the country as clean as a floor.  But the Uptons were the poorest even in that community.  Others recuperated, pulled themselves together, and began after a time to get up.  The Uptons got flatter than they were before.  The fences (the few that were left) rotted; the fields grew up in sassafras and pines; the barns blew down; the houses decayed; the ditches filled; the chills came.

“They’re the shiftlesses’ people in the worl’,” said Mrs. Wagoner with a shade of asperity in her voice (or was it satisfaction?).  Mrs. Wagoner’s husband had been in a bombproof during the war, when Jim Upton (Jim’s father) was with his company.  He had managed to keep his teams from the quartermasters, and had turned up after the war the richest man in the neighborhood.  He lived on old Colonel Duval’s place, which he had bought for Confederate money.

“They’re the shiftlesses’ people in the worl’,” said Mrs. Wagoner.  “Mrs. Upton ain’t got any spirit:  she jus’ sets still and cries her eyes out.”

This was true, every word of it.  And so was something else that Mrs. Wagoner said in a tone of reprobation, about “people who made their beds having to lay on them”; this process of incubation being too well known to require further discussion.

But what could Mrs. Upton do?  She could not change the course of Destiny.  One ­especially if she is a widow with bad eyes, and in feeble health, living on the poorest place in the State ­cannot stop the stars in their courses.  She could not blot out the past, nor undo what she had done.  She would not if she could.  She could not undo what she had done when she ran away with Jim and married him.  She would not if she could.  At least, the memory of those three years was hers, and nothing could take it from her ­not debts, nor courts, nor anything.  She knew he was wild when she married him.  Certainly Mrs. Wagoner had been careful enough to tell her so, and to tell every one else so too.  She would never forget the things she had said.  Mrs. Wagoner never forgot the things the young girl said either ­though it was more the way she had looked than what she had said.  And when Mrs. Wagoner descanted on the poverty of the Uptons she used to end with the declaration:  “Well, it ain’t any fault of mine:  she can’t blame me, for Heaven knows I warned her:  I did my duty!” Which was true.  Warning others was a duty Mrs. Wagoner seldom omitted.  Mrs. Upton never thought of blaming her, or any one else.  Not all her poverty ever drew one complaint from her sad lips.  She simply sat down under it, that was all.  She did not expect anything else.  She had given her Jim to the South as gladly as any woman ever gave her heart to her love.  She would not undo it if she could ­not even to have him back, and God knew how much she wanted him.  Was not his death glorious ­his name a heritage for his son?  She could not undo the debts which encumbered the land; nor the interest which swallowed it up; nor the suit which took it from her ­that is, all but the old house and the two poor worn old fields which were her dower.  She would have given up those too if it had not been for her children, Jim and Kitty, and for the little old enclosure on the hill under the big thorn-trees where they had laid him when they brought him back in the broken pine box from Gettysburg.  No, she could not undo the past, nor alter the present, nor change the future.  So what could she do?

In her heart Mrs. Wagoner was glad of the poverty of the Uptons; not merely glad in the general negative way which warms the bosoms of most of us as we consider how much better off we are than our neighbors ­the “Lord-I-thank-thee-that-I-am-not-as-other-men-are” way; ­but Mrs. Wagoner was glad positively.  She was glad that any of the Uptons and the Duvals were poor.  One of her grandfathers had been what Mrs. Wagoner (when she mentioned the matter at all) called “Manager” for one of the Duvals.  She was aware that most people did not accept that term.  She remembered old Colonel Duval ­the old Colonel ­tall, thin, white, grave.  She had been dreadfully afraid of him.  She had had a feeling of satisfaction at his funeral.  It was like the feeling she had when she learned that Colonel Duval had not forgiven Betty nor left her a cent.

Mrs. Wagoner used to go to see Mrs. Upton ­she went frequently.  It was “her duty” she said.  She carried her things ­especially advice.  There are people whose visits are like spells of illness.  It took Mrs. Upton a fortnight to get over one of these visits ­to convalesce.  Mrs. Wagoner was “a mother to her”:  at least, Mrs. Wagoner herself said so.  In some respects it was rather akin to the substance of that name which forms in vinegar.  It was hard to swallow:  it galled.  Even Mrs. Upton’s gentleness was overtaxed ­and rebelled.  She had stood all the homilies ­all the advice.  But when Mrs. Wagoner, with her lips drawn in, after wringing her heart, recalled to her the warning she had given her before she married, she stopped standing it.  She did not say much; but it was enough to make Mrs. Wagoner’s stiff bonnet-bows tremble.  Mrs. Wagoner walked out feeling chills down her spine, as if Colonel Duval were at her heels.  She had “meant to talk about sending Jim to school”:  at least she said so.  She condoled with every one in the neighborhood on the “wretched ignorance” in which Jim was growing up, “working like a common negro.”  She called him “that ugly boy.”

Jim was ugly ­Mrs. Wagoner said, very ugly.  He was slim, red-headed, freckle-faced, weak-eyed; he stooped and he stammered.  Yet there was something about him, with his thin features, which made one look twice.  Mrs. Wagoner used to say she did not know where that boy got all his ugliness from, for she must admit his father was rather good-looking before he became so bloated, and Betty Duval would have been “passable” if she had had any “vivacity.”  There were people who said Betty Duval had been a beauty.  She was careful in her limitations, Mrs. Wagoner was.  Some women will not admit others are pretty, no matter what the difference in their ages:  they feel as if they were making admissions against themselves.

Once when Jim was a boy Mrs. Wagoner had the good taste to refer in his presence to his “homeliness,” a term with which she sugar-coated her insult.  Jim grinned and shuffled his feet, and then said, “Kitty’s pretty.”  It was true:  Kitty was pretty:  she had eyes and hair.  You could not look at her without seeing them ­big brown eyes, and brown tumbled hair.  Kitty was fifteen ­two years younger than Jim in 187-.

Jim never went to school.  They were too poor.  All he knew his mother taught him and he got out of the few old books in the book-case left by the war, ­odd volumes of the Waverley novels, and the Spectator, “Don Quixote,” and a few others, stained and battered.  He could not have gone to school if there had been a school to go to:  he had to work:  work, as Mrs. Wagoner had truthfully said, “like a common nigger.”  He did not mind it; a bird born in a cage cannot mind it much.  The pitiful part is, it does not know anything else.  Jim did not know anything else.  He did not mind anything much ­except chills.  He even got used to them; would just lie down and shake for an hour and then go to ploughing again as soon as the ague was over, with the fever on him.  He had to plough; for corn was necessary.  He had this compensation:  he was worshipped by two people ­his mother and Kitty.  If other people thought him ugly, they thought him beautiful.  If others thought him dull, they thought him wonderfully clever; if others thought him ignorant, they knew how wise he was.

Mrs. Upton’s eyes were bad; but she saw enough to see Jim:  the light came into the house with him; Kitty sat and gazed at him with speechless admiration; hung on his words, which were few; watched for his smile, which was rare.  He repaid it to her by being ­Jim.  He slaved for her; waited for her (when a boy waits for his little sister it is something); played with her when he had time.

They always went to church ­old St. Ann’s ­whenever there was service.  There was service there since the war only every first and third Sunday and every other fifth Sunday.  The Uptons and the Duvals had been vestrymen from the time they had brought the bricks over from England, generations ago.  They had sat, one family in one of the front semicircular pews on one side the chancel, the other family in the other.  Mrs. Upton, after the war, had her choice of the pews; for all had gone but herself, Jim, and Kitty.  She had changed, the Sunday after her marriage, to the Upton side, and she clung loyally to it ever after.  Mrs. Wagoner had taken the other pew ­a cold, she explained at first, had made her deaf.  She always spoke of it afterward as “our pew.” (The Billings, from which Mrs. Wagoner came, had not been Episcopalians until Mrs. Wagoner married.) Carry Wagoner, who was a year older than Kitty, used to sit by her mother, with her big hat and brown hair.  Jim, in right of his sex, sat in the end of his pew.

On this Sunday in question Jim drove his mother and Kitty to church in the horse cart.

The old carriage was a wreck, slowly dropping to pieces.  The chickens roosted in it.  The cart was the only vehicle remaining which had two sound wheels, and even one of these “wabbled” a good deal, and the cart was “shackling.”  But straw placed in the bottom made it fairly comfortable.  Jim always had clean straw in it for his mother and sister.  His mother and Kitty remarked on it.  Kitty looked so well.  They reached church.  The day was warm, Mr. Bickersteth was dry.  Jim went to sleep during the sermon.  He frequently did this.  He had been up since four.  When service was over he partially waked ­about half-waked.  He was standing in the aisle moving toward the door with the rest of the congregation.  A voice behind him caught his ear: 

“What a lovely girl Kitty Upton is.”  It was Mrs. Harrison, who lived at the other end of the parish.  Jim knew the voice.  Another voice replied: 

“If she only were not always so shabby!” Jim knew this voice also.  It was Mrs. Wagoner’s.  Jim waked.

“Yes,” said Mrs. Wagoner; then added, “Poor thing, she’s got no education, and never will have.  To think that old Colonel Duval’s fam’bly’s come to this!  Well, they can’t blame me.  They’re clean run to seed.”

Jim got out into the air.  He felt sick.  He had been hit vitally.  This was what people thought! and it was true.  They were “clean run to seed.”  He went to get his cart. (He did not speak to Kitty.) His home came before his eyes like a photograph:  fences down, gates gone, houses ruinous, fields barren.  It came to him as if stamped on the retina by a lightning-flash.  He had worked ­worked hard.  But it was no use.  It was true:  they were “clean run to seed.”  He helped his mother and Kitty into the cart silently ­doggedly.  Kitty smiled at him.  It hurt him like a blow.  He saw every worn place, every darn in her old dress, and little, faded jacket.  Mrs. Wagoner drove past them in her carriage, leaning out of the window and calling that she took the liberty of passing as she drove faster than they.  Jim gave his old mule a jerk which made him throw up his head and wince with pain.  He was sorry for it.  But he had been jerked up short himself.  He was quivering too.