CHAPTER I ­ NINETY YEARS AND THIRTY-TWO TEETH

In the Rue Boucherat, Rue de Normandie and the Rue de Saintonge there still exist a few ancient inhabitants who have preserved the memory of a worthy man named M. Gillenormand, and who mention him with complaisance.  This good man was old when they were young.  This silhouette has not yet entirely disappeared ­for those who regard with melancholy that vague swarm of shadows which is called the past ­from the labyrinth of streets in the vicinity of the Temple to which, under Louis XIV., the names of all the provinces of France were appended exactly as in our day, the streets of the new Tivoli quarter have received the names of all the capitals of Europe; a progression, by the way, in which progress is visible.

M.Gillenormand, who was as much alive as possible in 1831, was one of those men who had become curiosities to be viewed, simply because they have lived a long time, and who are strange because they formerly resembled everybody, and now resemble nobody.  He was a peculiar old man, and in very truth, a man of another age, the real, complete and rather haughty bourgeois of the eighteenth century, who wore his good, old bourgeoisie with the air with which marquises wear their marquisates.  He was over ninety years of age, his walk was erect, he talked loudly, saw clearly, drank neat, ate, slept, and snored.  He had all thirty-two of his teeth.  He only wore spectacles when he read.  He was of an amorous disposition, but declared that, for the last ten years, he had wholly and decidedly renounced women.  He could no longer please, he said; he did not add:  “I am too old,” but:  “I am too poor.”  He said:  “If I were not ruined ­Heee!” All he had left, in fact, was an income of about fifteen thousand francs.  His dream was to come into an inheritance and to have a hundred thousand livres income for mistresses.  He did not belong, as the reader will perceive, to that puny variety of octogenaries who, like M. de Voltaire, have been dying all their life; his was no longevity of a cracked pot; this jovial old man had always had good health.  He was superficial, rapid, easily angered.  He flew into a passion at everything, generally quite contrary to all reason.  When contradicted, he raised his cane; he beat people as he had done in the great century.  He had a daughter over fifty years of age, and unmarried, whom he chastised severely with his tongue, when in a rage, and whom he would have liked to whip.  She seemed to him to be eight years old.  He boxed his servants’ ears soundly, and said:  “Ah! carogne!” One of his oaths was:  “By the pantoufloche of the pantouflochade!” He had singular freaks of tranquillity; he had himself shaved every day by a barber who had been mad and who detested him, being jealous of M. Gillenormand on account of his wife, a pretty and coquettish barberess.  M. Gillenormand admired his own discernment in all things, and declared that he was extremely sagacious; here is one of his sayings:  “I have, in truth, some penetration; I am able to say when a flea bites me, from what woman it came.”

The words which he uttered the most frequently were:  the sensible man, and nature.  He did not give to this last word the grand acceptation which our epoch has accorded to it, but he made it enter, after his own fashion, into his little chimney-corner satires:  “Nature,” he said, “in order that civilization may have a little of everything, gives it even specimens of its amusing barbarism.  Europe possesses specimens of Asia and Africa on a small scale.  The cat is a drawing-room tiger, the lizard is a pocket crocodile.  The dancers at the opera are pink female savages.  They do not eat men, they crunch them; or, magicians that they are, they transform them into oysters and swallow them.  The Caribbeans leave only the bones, they leave only the shell.  Such are our morals.  We do not devour, we gnaw; we do not exterminate, we claw.”

Chapter II ­
like master, like house

He lived in the Marais, Rue des Filles-du-Calvaire, N.  He owned the house.  This house has since been demolished and rebuilt, and the number has probably been changed in those revolutions of numeration which the streets of Paris undergo.  He occupied an ancient and vast apartment on the first floor, between street and gardens, furnished to the very ceilings with great Gobelins and Beauvais tapestries representing pastoral scenes; the subjects of the ceilings and the panels were repeated in miniature on the arm-chairs.  He enveloped his bed in a vast, nine-leaved screen of Coromandel lacquer.  Long, full curtains hung from the windows, and formed great, broken folds that were very magnificent.  The garden situated immediately under his windows was attached to that one of them which formed the angle, by means of a staircase twelve or fifteen steps long, which the old gentleman ascended and descended with great agility.  In addition to a library adjoining his chamber, he had a boudoir of which he thought a great deal, a gallant and elegant retreat, with magnificent hangings of straw, with a pattern of flowers and fleurs-de-lys made on the galleys of Louis XIV. and ordered of his convicts by M. de Vivonne for his mistress.  M. Gillenormand had inherited it from a grim maternal great-aunt, who had died a centenarian.  He had had two wives.  His manners were something between those of the courtier, which he had never been, and the lawyer, which he might have been.  He was gay, and caressing when he had a mind.  In his youth he had been one of those men who are always deceived by their wives and never by their mistresses, because they are, at the same time, the most sullen of husbands and the most charming of lovers in existence.  He was a connoisseur of painting.  He had in his chamber a marvellous portrait of no one knows whom, painted by Jordaens, executed with great dashes of the brush, with millions of details, in a confused and hap-hazard manner.  M. Gillenormand’s attire was not the habit of Louis XIV. nor yet that of Louis XVI.; it was that of the Incroyables of the Directory.  He had thought himself young up to that period and had followed the fashions.  His coat was of light-weight cloth with voluminous revers, a long swallow-tail and large steel buttons.  With this he wore knee-breeches and buckle shoes.  He always thrust his hands into his fobs.  He said authoritatively:  “The French Revolution is a heap of blackguards.”

Chapter III ­
Luc-esprit

At the age of sixteen, one evening at the opera, he had had the honor to be stared at through opera-glasses by two beauties at the same time ­ripe and celebrated beauties then, and sung by Voltaire, the Camargo and the Salle.  Caught between two fires, he had beaten a heroic retreat towards a little dancer, a young girl named Nahenry, who was sixteen like himself, obscure as a cat, and with whom he was in love.  He abounded in memories.  He was accustomed to exclaim:  “How pretty she was ­that Guimard-Guimardini-Guimardinette, the last time I saw her at Longchamps, her hair curled in sustained sentiments, with her come-and-see of turquoises, her gown of the color of persons newly arrived, and her little agitation muff!” He had worn in his young manhood a waistcoat of Nain-Londrin, which he was fond of talking about effusively.  “I was dressed like a Turk of the Levant Levantin,” said he.  Madame de Boufflers, having seen him by chance when he was twenty, had described him as “a charming fool.”  He was horrified by all the names which he saw in politics and in power, regarding them as vulgar and bourgeois.  He read the journals, the newspapers, the gazettes as he said, stifling outbursts of laughter the while.  “Oh!” he said, “what people these are!  Corbiere!  Humann!  Casimir Perier!  There’s a minister for you!  I can imagine this in a journal:  ‘M.  Gillenorman, minister!’ that would be a farce.  Well!  They are so stupid that it would pass”; he merrily called everything by its name, whether decent or indecent, and did not restrain himself in the least before ladies.  He uttered coarse speeches, obscenities, and filth with a certain tranquillity and lack of astonishment which was elegant.  It was in keeping with the unceremoniousness of his century.  It is to be noted that the age of périphrase in verse was the age of crudities in prose.  His god-father had predicted that he would turn out a man of genius, and had bestowed on him these two significant names:  Luc-Esprit.

Chapter IV ­
A centenarian aspirant

He had taken prizes in his boyhood at the College of Moulins, where he was born, and he had been crowned by the hand of the Duc de Nivernais, whom he called the Duc de Nevers.  Neither the Convention, nor the death of Louis XVI., nor the Napoleon, nor the return of the Bourbons, nor anything else had been able to efface the memory of this crowning.  The Duc de Nevers was, in his eyes, the great figure of the century.  “What a charming grand seigneur,” he said, “and what a fine air he had with his blue ribbon!”

In the eyes of M. Gillenormand, Catherine the Second had made reparation for the crime of the partition of Poland by purchasing, for three thousand roubles, the secret of the elixir of gold, from Bestucheff.  He grew animated on this subject:  “The elixir of gold,” he exclaimed, “the yellow dye of Bestucheff, General Lamotte’s drops, in the eighteenth century, ­this was the great remedy for the catastrophes of love, the panacea against Venus, at one louis the half-ounce phial.  Louis XV. sent two hundred phials of it to the Pope.”  He would have been greatly irritated and thrown off his balance, had any one told him that the elixir of gold is nothing but the perchloride of iron.  M. Gillenormand adored the Bourbons, and had a horror of 1789; he was forever narrating in what manner he had saved himself during the Terror, and how he had been obliged to display a vast deal of gayety and cleverness in order to escape having his head cut off.  If any young man ventured to pronounce an eulogium on the Republic in his presence, he turned purple and grew so angry that he was on the point of swooning.  He sometimes alluded to his ninety years, and said, “I hope that I shall not see ninety-three twice.”  On these occasions, he hinted to people that he meant to live to be a hundred.

Chapter V ­
Basque and Nicolette

He had theories.  Here is one of them:  “When a man is passionately fond of women, and when he has himself a wife for whom he cares but little, who is homely, cross, legitimate, with plenty of rights, perched on the code, and jealous at need, there is but one way of extricating himself from the quandry and of procuring peace, and that is to let his wife control the purse-strings.  This abdication sets him free.  Then his wife busies herself, grows passionately fond of handling coin, gets her fingers covered with verdigris in the process, undertakes the education of half-share tenants and the training of farmers, convokes lawyers, presides over notaries, harangues scriveners, visits limbs of the law, follows lawsuits, draws up leases, dictates contracts, feels herself the sovereign, sells, buys, regulates, promises and compromises, binds fast and annuls, yields, concedes and retrocedes, arranges, disarranges, hoards, lavishes; she commits follies, a supreme and personal delight, and that consoles her.  While her husband disdains her, she has the satisfaction of ruining her husband.”  This theory M. Gillenormand had himself applied, and it had become his history.  His wife ­the second one ­had administered his fortune in such a manner that, one fine day, when M. Gillenormand found himself a widower, there remained to him just sufficient to live on, by sinking nearly the whole of it in an annuity of fifteen thousand francs, three-quarters of which would expire with him.  He had not hesitated on this point, not being anxious to leave a property behind him.  Besides, he had noticed that patrimonies are subject to adventures, and, for instance, become national property; he had been present at the avatars of consolidated three per cents, and he had no great faith in the Great Book of the Public Debt.  “All that’s the Rue Quincampois!” he said.  His house in the Rue Filles-du-Clavaire belonged to him, as we have already stated.  He had two servants, “a male and a female.”  When a servant entered his establishment, M. Gillenormand re-baptized him.  He bestowed on the men the name of their province:  Nimois, Comtois, Poitevin, Picard.  His last valet was a big, foundered, short-winded fellow of fifty-five, who was incapable of running twenty paces; but, as he had been born at Bayonne, M. Gillenormand called him Basque.  All the female servants in his house were called Nicolette (even the Magnon, of whom we shall hear more farther on).  One day, a haughty cook, a cordon bleu, of the lofty race of porters, presented herself.  “How much wages do you want a month?” asked M. Gillenormand.  “Thirty francs.”  “What is your name?” “Olympie.”  “You shall have fifty francs, and you shall be called Nicolette.”

Chapter VI ­
in which Magnon and her two children are seen

With M. Gillenormand, sorrow was converted into wrath; he was furious at being in despair.  He had all sorts of prejudices and took all sorts of liberties.  One of the facts of which his exterior relief and his internal satisfaction was composed, was, as we have just hinted, that he had remained a brisk spark, and that he passed energetically for such.  This he called having “royal renown.”  This royal renown sometimes drew down upon him singular windfalls.  One day, there was brought to him in a basket, as though it had been a basket of oysters, a stout, newly born boy, who was yelling like the deuce, and duly wrapped in swaddling-clothes, which a servant-maid, dismissed six months previously, attributed to him.  M. Gillenormand had, at that time, fully completed his eighty-fourth year.  Indignation and uproar in the establishment.  And whom did that bold hussy think she could persuade to believe that?  What audacity!  What an abominable calumny!  M. Gillenormand himself was not at all enraged.  He gazed at the brat with the amiable smile of a good man who is flattered by the calumny, and said in an aside:  “Well, what now?  What’s the matter?  You are finely taken aback, and really, you are excessively ignorant.  M. lé Duc d’Angoulême, the bastard of his Majesty Charles IX., married a silly jade of fifteen when he was eighty-five; M. Virginal, Marquis d’Alluye, brother to the Cardinal de Sourdis, Archbishop of Bordeaux, had, at the age of eighty-three, by the maid of Madame la Présidente Jacquin, a son, a real child of love, who became a Chevalier of Malta and a counsellor of state; one of the great men of this century, the Abbe Tabaraud, is the son of a man of eighty-seven.  There is nothing out of the ordinary in these things.  And then, the Bible!  Upon that I declare that this little gentleman is none of mine.  Let him be taken care of.  It is not his fault.”  This manner of procedure was good-tempered.  The woman, whose name was Magnon, sent him another parcel in the following year.  It was a boy again.  Thereupon, M. Gillenormand capitulated.  He sent the two brats back to their mother, promising to pay eighty francs a month for their maintenance, on the condition that the said mother would not do so any more.  He added:  “I insist upon it that the mother shall treat them well.  I shall go to see them from time to time.”  And this he did.  He had had a brother who was a priest, and who had been rector of the Academy of Poitiers for three and thirty years, and had died at seventy-nine.  “I lost him young,” said he.  This brother, of whom but little memory remains, was a peaceable miser, who, being a priest, thought himself bound to bestow alms on the poor whom he met, but he never gave them anything except bad or demonetized sous, thereby discovering a means of going to hell by way of paradise.  As for M. Gillenormand the elder, he never haggled over his alms-giving, but gave gladly and nobly.  He was kindly, abrupt, charitable, and if he had been rich, his turn of mind would have been magnificent.  He desired that all which concerned him should be done in a grand manner, even his rogueries.  One day, having been cheated by a business man in a matter of inheritance, in a gross and apparent manner, he uttered this solemn exclamation:  “That was indecently done!  I am really ashamed of this pilfering.  Everything has degenerated in this century, even the rascals.  Morbleu! this is not the way to rob a man of my standing.  I am robbed as though in a forest, but badly robbed.  Silva, sint consule dignae!” He had had two wives, as we have already mentioned; by the first he had had a daughter, who had remained unmarried, and by the second another daughter, who had died at about the age of thirty, who had wedded, through love, or chance, or otherwise, a soldier of fortune who had served in the armies of the Republic and of the Empire, who had won the cross at Austerlitz and had been made colonel at Waterloo.  “He is the disgrace of my family,” said the old bourgeois.  He took an immense amount of snuff, and had a particularly graceful manner of plucking at his lace ruffle with the back of one hand.  He believed very little in God.

Chapter VII ­
rule:  Receive no one except in the evening

Such was M. Luc-Esprit Gillenormand, who had not lost his hair, ­which was gray rather than white, ­and which was always dressed in “dog’s ears.”  To sum up, he was venerable in spite of all this.

He had something of the eighteenth century about him; frivolous and great.

In 1814 and during the early years of the Restoration, M. Gillenormand, who was still young, ­he was only seventy-four, ­lived in the Faubourg Saint Germain, Rue Servandoni, near Saint-Sulpice.  He had only retired to the Marais when he quitted society, long after attaining the age of eighty.

And, on abandoning society, he had immured himself in his habits.  The principal one, and that which was invariable, was to keep his door absolutely closed during the day, and never to receive any one whatever except in the evening.  He dined at five o’clock, and after that his door was open.  That had been the fashion of his century, and he would not swerve from it.  “The day is vulgar,” said he, “and deserves only a closed shutter.  Fashionable people only light up their minds when the zenith lights up its stars.”  And he barricaded himself against every one, even had it been the king himself.  This was the antiquated elegance of his day.

Chapter VIII ­
two do not make A pair

We have just spoken of M. Gillenormand’s two daughters.  They had come into the world ten years apart.  In their youth they had borne very little resemblance to each other, either in character or countenance, and had also been as little like sisters to each other as possible.  The youngest had a charming soul, which turned towards all that belongs to the light, was occupied with flowers, with verses, with music, which fluttered away into glorious space, enthusiastic, ethereal, and was wedded from her very youth, in ideal, to a vague and heroic figure.  The elder had also her chimera; she espied in the azure some very wealthy purveyor, a contractor, a splendidly stupid husband, a million made man, or even a prefect; the receptions of the Prefecture, an usher in the antechamber with a chain on his neck, official balls, the harangues of the town-hall, to be “Madame la Prefete,” ­all this had created a whirlwind in her imagination.  Thus the two sisters strayed, each in her own dream, at the epoch when they were young girls.  Both had wings, the one like an angel, the other like a goose.

No ambition is ever fully realized, here below at least.  No paradise becomes terrestrial in our day.  The younger wedded the man of her dreams, but she died.  The elder did not marry at all.

At the moment when she makes her entrance into this history which we are relating, she was an antique virtue, an incombustible prude, with one of the sharpest noses, and one of the most obtuse minds that it is possible to see.  A characteristic detail; outside of her immediate family, no one had ever known her first name.  She was called Mademoiselle Gillenormand, the elder.

In the matter of cant, Mademoiselle Gillenormand could have given points to a miss.  Her modesty was carried to the other extreme of blackness.  She cherished a frightful memory of her life; one day, a man had beheld her garter.

Age had only served to accentuate this pitiless modesty.  Her guimpe was never sufficiently opaque, and never ascended sufficiently high.  She multiplied clasps and pins where no one would have dreamed of looking.  The peculiarity of prudery is to place all the more sentinels in proportion as the fortress is the less menaced.

Nevertheless, let him who can explain these antique mysteries of innocence, she allowed an officer of the Lancers, her grand nephew, named Theodule, to embrace her without displeasure.

In spite of this favored Lancer, the label:  Prude, under which we have classed her, suited her to absolute perfection.  Mademoiselle Gillenormand was a sort of twilight soul.  Prudery is a demi-virtue and a demi-vice.

To prudery she added bigotry, a well-assorted lining.  She belonged to the society of the Virgin, wore a white veil on certain festivals, mumbled special orisons, revered “the holy blood,” venerated “the sacred heart,” remained for hours in contemplation before a rococo-jesuit altar in a chapel which was inaccessible to the rank and file of the faithful, and there allowed her soul to soar among little clouds of marble, and through great rays of gilded wood.

She had a chapel friend, an ancient virgin like herself, named Mademoiselle Vaubois, who was a positive blockhead, and beside whom Mademoiselle Gillenormand had the pleasure of being an eagle.  Beyond the Agnus Dei and Ave Maria, Mademoiselle Vaubois had no knowledge of anything except of the different ways of making preserves.  Mademoiselle Vaubois, perfect in her style, was the ermine of stupidity without a single spot of intelligence.

Let us say it plainly, Mademoiselle Gillenormand had gained rather than lost as she grew older.  This is the case with passive natures.  She had never been malicious, which is relative kindness; and then, years wear away the angles, and the softening which comes with time had come to her.  She was melancholy with an obscure sadness of which she did not herself know the secret.  There breathed from her whole person the stupor of a life that was finished, and which had never had a beginning.

She kept house for her father.  M. Gillenormand had his daughter near him, as we have seen that Monseigneur Bienvenu had his sister with him.  These households comprised of an old man and an old spinster are not rare, and always have the touching aspect of two weaknesses leaning on each other for support.

There was also in this house, between this elderly spinster and this old man, a child, a little boy, who was always trembling and mute in the presence of M. Gillenormand.  M. Gillenormand never addressed this child except in a severe voice, and sometimes, with uplifted cane:  “Here, sir! rascal, scoundrel, come here! ­Answer me, you scamp!  Just let me see you, you good-for-nothing!” etc., etc.  He idolized him.

This was his grandson.  We shall meet with this child again later on.