1825-1850

During these twenty-five years the list of items on record is far greater than during any preceding period of similar time. Possibly this may be accounted for by the greater facilities for travel both by sea and land. Railroads were gradually spreading out through the country, and helping to develop distant trading stations into towns and cities. Steamships were making the voyage from Europe a more feasible adventure. We shall see this as we proceed.

In what we may call the domestic side of music we find the establishment of more singing societies in all the eastern cities. There was practically no “west” in 1825, but Chicago shows up in 1834 with “The Old Settlers’ Harmonic Society.” The story of Chicago’s early musical days may be read in Mr. George P. Upton’s book of reminiscences. The remarkable part of it seems to be that Chicago grew phenomenally, and today stands as a rival to New York in all matters musical, although in 1825 Chicago was merely a trading post and New York was already a city of some size.

The musical convention came into being. The first is said to have been held at Concord, N. H., in September 1829. There is also a claim that the first musical convention was held in Montpelier, Vt., in 1839 but this is not quite correct. It may have been the first convention in Vermont. Musical conventions became popular and frequent and are so even to the present day, though the methods and matter have changed with the times.

Another item which may come under the head of domestic music is the beginning of music teaching in the public schools. This was effected by Lowell Mason, as an experiment, in 1838. At the present day chorus singing in the public schools has become an important matter, and is almost universal.

In 1838 we find a Philharmonic Society in St. Louis, showing that St. Louis was not far behind Chicago in getting into the musical world.

In Boston an Academy of Music was established by Lowell Mason in 1833. It had a large number of pupils, and there was an orchestra in connection with it, which gave several concerts. But the Harvard Musical Association, which was founded in 1837, seems to have been the chief propelling power to orchestral music in Boston, until the formation of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. In New York the Philharmonic Society was reorganized and was, as it has been ever since, the most prominent orchestral organization of that city.

In 1848 two complete orchestras came to America, Gungl’s, which gave a number of concerts, chiefly of light music, and the Germania, which consisted of a number of refugees from the German government. These men gave concerts of a finer type than had yet been given in America. Their career as an organization was not long, and it ended in disaster, but many of the members became prominent in musical matters in various cities, and in this way the Germania orchestra had a beneficial and lasting effect upon music in this country.

In the forties began the stream of violin and piano virtuosi which has continued in ever-increasing volume to the present day. Ole Bull, violinist, in 1843, Vieuxtemps and Artot, violinists, and Leopold von Meyer, pianist, in 1844, were the first.

Perhaps the development of opera may be considered of greater interest than other musical items. In 1825 Manuel Garcia arrived in New York, and gave the first performances of Italian opera. In his company were his daughter Maria, who married one Malibran and remained in New York for about two years. At the end of this time she left her husband and returned to Europe, where she had a short but very brilliant career. Young Garcia, the son, who also sang, afterwards became one of the greatest singing teachers in Europe, and invented the laryngoscope. Pauline, who became Madame Viardot, and lived to a great age, was too young to participate in Garcia’s performances in New York. For many years she was one of the great singing teachers in Paris.

Garcia did not stay very long in New York, but he began the efforts to present Italian opera, which were continued by many others from time to time, usually with disaster. Nevertheless, the history of the period from 1825 to 1850 is full of first performances of Italian opera. In 1848 the Havana Company visited the United States, and was considered the finest company that had been heard until that time.

In the same year Max Maretzek appeared in New York and at once entered the operatic field, with which he was prominently occupied during the next period.

Before finishing the review of this period we must not forget the production William Henry Fry’s opera, “Leonora.” This was the first grand opera written and produced by an American. It had several representations, but does not seem to have lived long. The same, however, may be said of many of the Italian operas which were presented during this and later periods. A careful perusal of the list will show the names of operas long since defunct, so far as the American public is concerned. Yet there are many, which were first presented to the American public in this period, and which are as popular today as ever, in fact no good opera company can afford to be without them. Opera was well started by 1850.

1825. Mar 12. Weber’s opera “Der Freyschuetz” presented in English at the Park Theatre, New York City, with Miss Kelly and Mrs. de Luce in the leading parts.

1825. Nov 26. First season of Italian grand opera in America opened in New York city with a performance of Rossini’s “Il Barbiere,” by Manuel Garcia’s company.

This company included Manuel Garcia, his son Manuel (later a renowned vocal teacher, and inventor of the laryngoscope), his daughter, Maria Felicite (the great Malibran), his daughter Pauline (later Madame Viardot, one of the great vocal teachers of Paris) and others of less note.

The other operas presented during this season were:

1825. Dec 31. “Tancredi,” Rossini
1826. April 25. “Semiramide,” Rossini
1826. May 23. “Don Giovanni,” Mozart
1826. Dec 27. “L’Amante Astuto,” Garcia.
Also (dates uncertain):
“La Figlia del Aria,” Garcia.
“Il Turco in Italia,” Rossini.
“La Cenerentola,” Rossini.

1826-1864. Stephen Foster. Noted song writer.

1827. July 13. The French Opera Company from New Orleans, which visited Philadelphia, and several other cities, opened a season at the Park Theatre, New York City, with Rossini’s “La Cenerentola.” They also presented “Jean de Paris,” “La Dame Blanche,” “Joconde,” “Les Visilandines,” etc.

1827. Sept 28. Boieldieu’s opera “Jean de Paris” presented in New York City, with Malibran. Later in the season the same composer’s “Caliph of Bagdad” was given.

1827. Oct 9. Weber’s opera “Oberon” presented in Philadelphia.

1827. Oct 9. Farewell of Madame Malibran (Maria Felicite Garcia) at the Bowery Theatre, after two years’ residence in New York City.

1828. An English version of “Il Barbiere di Seviglia,” and “Der Freyschuetz” given in Boston with Miss George, Mrs. Papanti, Mr. Comer, and Mr. Horn as leading singers.

1829. Sept. First musical convention held under the auspices of the Central Musical Society of Concord, N. H.

1829. May 8.-1869. Dec 18. Louis Moreau Gottschalk, brilliant pianist. Born in New Orleans.

1829. Jan 24.-1908. July 14. William Mason, noted American pianist and teacher.

1831. Sept 6. American debut of Miss Hughes at the Park Theatre, New York City, in “The Marriage of Figaro.”

1832. Mar 17. Mozart’s opera “Die Zauberfloete” presented in Philadelphia.

1832. July 4. The National Hymn “America” first sung in public at a children’s celebration of Independence Day, at the Park St. Church, Boston, The words were written in February by the Rev. Samuel F. Smith, and were sung to the tune of “God Save the King.”

1832. Sept 25. First appearance, in concert, of an Italian opera company organized by Lorenzo da Ponte, Italian poet and librettist, at Niblo’s Garden, New York City. The leading singers were Signora Pedrotti and Signori Fornisari and Montresor. The opera performances were given at the Bowery Theatre. Sig. Rapetti, conductor.

1832. Oct 19. Mercadante’s opera “Elisa e Claudio” presented in New York City with Pedrotti (debut) and Salvione (debut).

1832. Nov 5. Rossini’s opera “L’Italiana in Algeri” given in New York City with Verducci, Fanetti, Fornisari, etc.

1832. Dec 5. Bellini’s opera “Il Pirata” by same company.

1832. Dec 22. Rossini’s sacred opera “Mose in Egitto” by same company.

1833. Mar 13-20. Rossini’s opera “Othello” presented twice during this week, in New York City, by same company.

1833. June 20. Auber’s opera “Fra Diavolo” presented at the Park Theatre, New York City.

1833. Sept 4. American debut of Mr. and Mrs. Wood in “Cinderella” at the Park Theatre, New York City.

1833. Nov 18. Verdi’s opera “La Gazza Ladra” given in New York City, at the Bowery Theatre, by the Italian Opera Company.

1833. Academy of Music founded in Boston by Lowell Mason. Enrolled twenty-two hundred pupils the first year.

1834. Mar 21. Rossini’s opera “La Donna del Lago” given at the Bowery Theatre, New York City, with Clotilde and Rosina Fanti, Marozo, Raviglia and Sapignoli.

1834. Mar 22. Salvioni’s opera “La Casa dei Vendere.”

1834. Mar 24. Rossini’s “Matilda de Shabran” with Fanti.

1834. April 7. Meyerbeer’s opera “Roberto il Diavolo,” presented in English at the Park Theatre, New York City, by Mr. and Mrs. Wood.

1834. July 9. First music school in Chicago opened by Miss Wyeth.

1834. July 12. Pacini’s opera “Gli Arabi nelli Gallie” given at the Bowery Theatre, New York City, with C. Fanti, R. Fanti, Bordogni, Raviglia, Sapignoli.

1834. Nov 10 Bellini’s opera “La Stranierà” given in New York City, with C. and R. Fanti, Porto, Montresor, Sapignoli.

1834. Nov 25. Rossini’s opera “Edoardo e Cristina” given in New York City, with Fanti, Fabj, Porto, Sapignoli.

1834. Dec 12. Rossini’s opera “L’Inganno Felice” given in New York City by the Italian Opera Company.

1834. Dec 11. “Old Settlers’ Harmonic Society” organized in Chicago.

1834-1901. Charles R. Adams, noted tenor and vocal teacher. One of the first American singers to make a career in Europe.

1834-1891. Eben Tourjee, noted organizer of musical affairs. Began class-system of pianoforte-teaching in America at Providence, R. I., in 1851. Founded a Musical Institute at East Greenwich, R. I., in 1859, and the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, 1867. Was one of the chief organizers of the Peace Jubilee, and one of the founders of the Music Teachers’ National Association.

1835. Feb 6. Rossini’s opera “L’Assedio di Corinto” given in New York City with Fanti, Julia Wheatley, Ravaglia. During this season Rossini’s “Turco in Italia” and Cimarosa’s “Il Matrimonio Segreto” are said to have been presented by this Italian company.

1835. April 8. Charlotte Cushman, noted actress, made her first public appearance as a singer in a performance of “The Marriage of Figaro” in Boston, with Mr. and Mrs. Wood.

1835. Nov 13. Bellini’s opera “La Sonnambula” given in English with Mr. and Mrs. Wood in the leading parts, in New York City.

1835. German Maennerchor of Philadelphia (the oldest German singing society in America) founded by Philip Wolsifer.

1835. Oliver Ditson began publishing music in his own name in Boston, but the firm of O. Ditson and Company can be traced back to 1783, when E. Batelle opened the Boston Book Store at 8 State Street.

1835-1905. Theodore Thomas, noted musician and conductor of:

1862-1891 Brooklyn Philharmonic Society
1864-1878 New York Symphony Society
1865-1891 New York Summer Garden Concerts
1873-1894 Cincinnati Festivals
1877-1890 Chicago Summer Night Concerts
1877-1891 Philharmonic Society, New York
1882-1891 Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra
1891-1905 Chicago Symphony Orchestra.

1837. Harvard Musical Association organized in Boston.

1837. The pianoforte manufacturing house of Knabe established in Baltimore.

1837. Oct 30. American debut of Madame Caradori-Allan, noted soprano, in Rossini’s opera “Il Barbiere di Seviglia” at the Park Theatre, New York City.

1837. An orchestra organized by the Academy of Music in Boston. It remained in existence until 1847.

1838. Philharmonic Society formed in St. Louis.

1838. The Sacred Music Society of New York City, gave a performance of Mendelssohn’s oratorio “St. Paul,” two years after it had been produced at Dusseldorf.

1838. June 18. Donizetti’s opera “L’Elisir d’Amore” presented at the Park Theatre, New York City, with Madame Caradori-Allan, Placide, Morley, Macklin and Jones.

1838. Mr. and Mrs. Seguin, noted singers, arrived in New York City and organized an English Opera Company, which traveled extensively till 1847.

1838. Music first taught in the public schools in Boston by Lowell Mason.

1839. April 29. Meyerbeer’s opera “Les Huguenots” presented in New Orleans.

1839. The first Musical Convention held in Montpelier, Vt., under the direction of G. S. Prouty and Moses E. Cheney.

1839. Sept 9. Beethoven’s opera “Fidelio” presented in English at the Park Theatre, New York City, with Miss Poole, Giubelei, Manvers and Martyn.

1839-1906. John Knowles Paine. American composer. First professor of music at Harvard University. Appointed in 1876 (instructor 1872).

1839-1909. Dudley Buck. Noted musician. First American composer to gain general recognition.

1840. Mar 20. Herold’s opera “Zampa” presented in New York City.

1840. Mar 30. Adam’s opera “Le Postillon de Longjumeau” presented in New York City.

1840. Mendelssohn’s oratorio “Elijah” sung by the Handel and Haydn Society, Boston.

1840. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony given by the Musical Fund Society in Philadelphia.

1840. John Braham, noted English tenor, visited America.

1841. The Hutchinson family camp-meeting singers, known all over the United States for many years began their career.

1841. Jan 11. Bellini’s opera “Norma” presented by the Woods at the Chestnut St. Theatre, Philadelphia.

1853. Jan 11. Schumann’s First Symphony given by the Musical Fund Society (G. Suk, conductor) in Boston.

1841. Dec 28. Donizetti’s opera “Lucia di Lammermoor” given in New Orleans.

1842. The Chicago Sacred Music Society formed. It was short-lived.

1842. Jan 15. Beethoven’s Sixth (Pastoral) Symphony given in Boston, at a concert of the Academy of Music. Also Cherubini’s overture to “Les deux Journees.”

1842. Feb 26. C. M. von Weber’s “Jubilee” overture given at a concert of the Academy of Music, Boston.

1842. Mar 20. Spohr’s oratorio “The Last Judgment” given in Boston by the Handel and Haydn Society.

1842. Oct 31. Handel’s oratorio “Israel in Egypt” (music by Handel and Rossini) given by the Seguin Opera Company at the Park Theatre, New York City.

1842. Nov 12. Beethoven’s Second Symphony (D) given at the Academy of Music, Boston.

1842. Nov 22. Handel’s oratorio “Acis and Galatea” given by the Seguin Company at the Park Theatre, New York City.

1842. Dec 7. First concert of the New York Philharmonic Society, given at the Apollo rooms, New York City.

Program:
Beethoven Symphony No 5 (conducted by U. C. Hill).
Weber, Scene from “Oberon” (Mme. Otto).
Hummel, Quintet for piano and strings.
Weber, Overture to “Oberon” (conducted by Mr. Etienne).
Rossini, Duet from “Armida” (Mme. Otto and C. E. Horn).
Beethoven, Scene from “Fidelio” (C. E. Horn).
Mozart, Aria from “Belmont and Constance” (Mme. Otto).
Kalliwoda, New Overture in D (Conducted by Mr. Timm).
Beethoven’s “Eroica” was played at the second concert, Feb 18, 1843.
There were only three concerts in the first season.

1842. Dec 13. Rossini’s opera “Guillaume Tell” presented by the French Company in New Orleans.

1843. Jan 7. Haydn’s “Military” Symphony (G major) played at the Academy of Music, Boston.

1843. Feb 9. Donizetti’s opera “La Favorita” presented by the French Company in New Orleans.

1843. Feb 18. Beethoven’s Third Symphony, “Eroica,” given by the Philharmonic Society, at the Apollo rooms, New York City. (This work was played as a Septet by the Musical Fund Society in New York City, in 1828.)

1843. Feb 26. Rossini’s “Stabat Mater” given by the Handel and Haydn Society, Boston.

1843. Mar 6. Donizetti’s opera “La Fille du Regiment” presented by the French Company in New Orleans.

1843. May 25. Auber’s opera “L’Ambassadrice,”

1843. June 17. Auber’s opera “Le Domino Noir,” and

1843. July 3. Auber’s opera “Pre aux Clerc” presented in New York City, at Niblo’s Gardens, by the French Company from New Orleans.

1843. Oct 3. Donizetti’s opera “Gemma di Vergi” presented at Niblo’s Gardens, New York City, with Majocchi, prima donna, and Perozzi.

1843. Nov 25. Ole Bull, noted Norwegian violinist, made his American debut at the Park Theatre, New York City.

1843. Dec 15. Donizetti’s opera “Marino Faliero” presented at the Park Theatre, New York City.

1843-1863. Philharmonic Concerts, Boston.

1844. Jan 15. Mozart’s “Jupiter” Symphony (Fourth, in C) given by the Philharmonic Society, New York City.

1844. Feb 2. Bellini’s opera “I Puritani” presented at Palmo’s Opera House, New York City, with Signora Borghese.

1844. Mar 16. Spohr’s First Symphony (D minor) given by the Philharmonic Society, New York City.

1844. Mar 18. Bellini’s opera “Beatrice di Tenda” presented at Palmo’s Opera House, New York City, with Majocchi, prima donna.

1844. April 27. Donizetti’s opera “Lucrezia Borgia” presented in New Orleans.

1844. May 6. Donizetti’s opera “Anne Boleyn” presented in English by the Seguin Company at the Park Theatre, New York City.

1844. Nov 16. Ricci’s opera “Chiara de Rosenberg” presented at Palmo’s Opera House, New York City, with Borghese, Antignone, Valtellina, and Sanquirico.

1844. Nov 16. Beethoven’s “Egmont” overture given at the Academy of Music, Boston.

1844. Nov 16. Mendelssohn’s “Hebrides” overture and Beethoven’s Eighth Symphony (F major) given by the Philharmonic Society, New York City, G. Loder conducting.

1844. Nov 25. Balfe’s opera “The Bohemian Girl” given by the Seguin Company in New York City.

1844. Nov 28. Donizetti’s opera “Belisario” presented at Palmo’s Opera House, New York City, with Borghese, Pico, Perozzi and Tomaso.

1844. Dec 14. Beethoven’s “Battle of Waterloo” (Wellington) Symphony given at the Tabernacle, Broadway, New York City, by a “powerful and sufficient orchestra” under U. B. Hill, in aid of a fund for the French Free School.

1844. Dec 15. Henri Vieuxtemps, noted Belgian violinist, made his American debut at a concert at the Park Theatre, New York City.

1844. Alexandre Artot, French violinist, and Leopold von Meyer, German pianist, made their first American tour.

1844. New York Musical Institute established. It was merged into the Harmonic Society in 1849.

1845. Jan 11. Spohr’s overture to “Jessonda” given by the Philharmonic Society, New York City.

1845. Jan 26. Handel’s oratorio “Samson” performed by the Handel and Haydn Society, Boston.

1845. Mar 1. W. Sterndale Bennett’s overture to “Die Najaden” given by the Philharmonic Society, New York City.

1845. April 19. Mendelssohn’s “Zum Maerchen von der Schoenen Melusine” given by the Philharmonic Society, New York City.

1845. June 4. Production, in English, of William H. Fry’s grand opera “Leonora” at the Chestnut St. Theatre, Philadelphia, the first grand opera written by an American. The Italian version was given at the Academy of Music, New York City, in March, 1858. The cast at Philadelphia was P. Richings, Ed. Seguin, Brunton, Frazer, Mrs. Seguin and Miss Ince. In the New York production Sig. Rocco, Gassier, Barratini, Tiberini, Madame de la Grange, Madame d’Angri and Madame Morra.

1845. Nov 22. Mendelssohn’s “Scotch Symphony” given by the Philharmonic Society, New York City, G. Loder conducting.

1845. Dec 21. Handel’s oratorio “Moses in Egypt” given by the Handel and Haydn Society, Boston.

1846. Jan 17. Mendelssohn’s Pianoforte Concerto in G Minor given by the Philharmonic Society, New York City, with H. C. Timm as soloist.

1846. Feb 14. Spohr’s overture to “Faust” given at the Philharmonic Concerts, Boston.

1846. Mar 7. Kalliwoda’s First Symphony (D minor) given by the Philharmonic Society, New York City.

1846. Mar 9. Donizetti’s opera “Don Pasquale” presented in English at the Park Theatre, New York City.

1846. May 20. Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony (D minor) given by the Philharmonic Society of New York at Castle Garden, New York City.

1846. Steyermark’s Orchestra of twenty men visited America and made their first appearance in New York City.

1846. Oct 12. Camille Sivori, noted Italian violinist, made his American debut in a concert at the Broadway Tabernacle, New York City.

1846. Nov 21. Berlioz’s overture to “King Lear” given by the Philharmonic Society of New York City. A. Boucher, conductor.

1847. Jan 4. Donizetti’s opera “Linda di Chamounix” presented at Palmo’s Opera House, New York City, with a company including Clotilde Barili, Mlle. Pico, Benedetti, Sanquirico and Barili. Rapetti, conductor.

1847. Jan 9. Deutscher Liederkranz organized in New York City, with Dr. Ludwig as conductor.

1847. Jan 9. Mendelssohn Festival held at the Castle Garden, New York City, under U. C. Hill.

1847. Jan 9. The Havana Opera Company arrived in America with Luigi Arditi as conductor. The company included Fortunata Tedesco, prima donna, Perelli, tenor, Cesar Badiale, bass, also Bottesini, the noted double-bass virtuoso.

1847. Jan 3. Coppola’s opera “Nina Pazza per Amore” presented by the Havana Company at the Park Theatre, New York City.

1847. Mar 3. Verdi’s opera “I Lombardi” presented at Palmo’s Opera House, New York City, with Narili, Patti, Beneventano.

1847. April 15. Verdi’s opera “Ernani” presented at the Park Theatre, New York City, by the Havana Company, with Tedesco, Perelli and Novelli. Arditi conducting.

1847. April 23. First season of Italian opera in Boston, begun with “Ernani” at the Howard Athenaeum, given by the Havana Opera Company.

1847. May 13. Musical Fund Society organized in Boston. Lasted till 1856.

1847. June 12. Pacini’s opera “Saffo” presented at the Park Theatre, New York City, by the Havana Opera Company.

1847. Aug 4. Madame Anna Bishop, noted English singer, made her American debut at the Park Theatre, New York City.

1847. Nov 14. Mozart’s Third Symphony (E flat major) and Bristow’s Concert Overture (Opus 3) given by the Philharmonic Society of New York City.

1847. American debut of Teresa Truffi, soprano, in “Ernani” at the Astor Place Opera House, New York City, which was opened in this month under the management of Patti, Sanquirico and Pogliano. The company included Clotilde and Antonio Barili, Benedetti and Sanquirico.

1847. Dec 5. Handel’s oratorio “Judas Maccabeus” given by the Handel and Haydn Society in Boston.

1847. Mozart Society organized in Chicago, under the direction of Frank Lumbard.

1848. Jan 8. Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony (in F,) given by the Musical Fund Society, Boston.

1848. Feb 1. Bellini’s opera “I Capuletti e Montecchi” presented at the Astor Place Opera House, New York City, for the debut of Caterina Barilli Patti, as Romeo.

1848. Feb 14. Mercadante’s opera “Il Guiramento” presented at the Astor Place Opera House, New York City, with Truffi, Benedetti, Rossi and Beneventano.

1848. April 4. Verdi’s opera “Nabucco” presented at the Astor Place Opera House, New York City, with Truffi, Amalia Patti.

1848. April 11. Schumann’s secular cantata, “Paradise and the Peri,” given in New York City, by the Musical Institute, Henry C. Timm conducting.

1848. April 29. Spohr’s Symphony in E flat, given by the Philharmonic Society, New York City.

1848. May 4. Wallace’s opera “Maritana” given by the Seguin Company in Philadelphia.

1848. May 14. Mendelssohn’s “Midsummer Night’s Dream,” music given by the Germania Orchestra in New York City.

1848. Oct 2. American debut of Maurice Strakosch, noted conductor and impresario, at the First Grand Musical Festival of the season, at the Broadway Tabernacle, New York City, given by the “Italian Opera Company of the United States.”

1848. Oct 5. The Germania Orchestra, consisting of German revolutionary refugees, organized and gave their first concert in America at Niblo’s Garden, New York City.

1848. Nov 16. Gungl’s Orchestra of twenty-five players gave their first concert in New York City, at the Broadway Tabernacle, after which they made a tour of the United States, playing chiefly dance-music.

1848. Dec 2. W. Sterndale Bennett’s overture to “Die Waldnymphe” given by the Philharmonic Society, New York City.

1848. Edouard Remenyi, noted Hungarian violinist, made first American tour, and Richard Hoffman was the first noted pianist to visit Chicago.

1848. Musical Convention held in Chicago for the first time.

1848. During this season the Havana Opera Company again visited America bringing Steffanone, Bosio, Tedesco (soprani); Vietto (contralto); Salvi, Bettini and Lorini (tenori); Badiali, Setti, Marini, and Coletti (bassi) the best company heard in America up to that time.

Also Max Maretzek arrived in New York and began his career as impresario. His company included Madame Laborde, and Truffi (soprani); Amalia Patti (contralto); Benedetti and Arnoldi (tenori); Giubeli, Rossi and Salvatore Patti (bassi). Also, later, Teresa Parodi. His first public appearance was on Oct 5, at the Chestnut Street Theatre, Philadelphia, conducting “Norma.”

1849. Nov 24. Beethoven’s Fourth Symphony (B flat major) given by the Philharmonic Society, New York City, also Mendelssohn’s Violin Concerto (E minor) with Joseph Burke as soloist.

1849. Dec 10. Donizetti’s opera “Marie de Rohan” presented in New York City, on which occasion Giuletta Perrini, Italian soprano, made her American debut supported by Patti, Forti, Giubelei and Beneventano.

1849. Dec 16. Donizetti’s opera “Il Poliuto” performed as an oratorio (The Martyrs) by the Handel and Haydn Society, Boston.

1849. Saengerfest held in Cincinnati, O.

1849. Musikverein founded in Milwaukee, Wis.

1849. The Artists’ Union Opera Company formed in New York City, including Bosio, De Vries, Bettini, Lorini, Badiali, and Coletti. They gave what they claimed was the first performance in America of Meyerbeer’s opera “Roberto il Diavolo.” (See April 7, 1834).

1849-1874. Sacred Harmonic Society, New York City.