The Necklace

She was one of those pretty and charming girls who are sometimes, as if by a mistake of destiny, born in a family of clerks.  She had no dowry, no expectations, no means of being known, understood, loved, wedded, by any rich and distinguished man; and she let herself be married to a little clerk at the Ministry of Public Instruction.

She dressed plainly because she could not dress well, but she was as unhappy as though she had really fallen from her proper station; since with women there is neither caste nor rank; and beauty, grace, and charm act instead of family and birth.  Natural fineness, instinct for what is elegant, suppleness of wit, are the sole hierarchy, and make from women of the people the equals of the very greatest ladies.

She suffered ceaselessly, feeling herself born for all the delicacies and all the luxuries.  She suffered from the poverty of her dwelling, from the wretched look of the walls, from the worn-out chairs, from the ugliness of the curtains.  All those things, of which another woman of her rank would never even have been conscious, tortured her and made her angry.  The sight of the little Breton peasant who did her humble housework aroused in her regrets which were despairing, and distracted dreams.  She thought of the silent antechambers hung with Oriental tapestry, lit by tall bronze candelabra, and of the two great footmen in knee breeches who sleep in the big armchairs, made drowsy by the heavy warmth of the hot-air stove.  She thought of the long salons fatted up with ancient silk, of the delicate furniture carrying priceless curiosities, and of the coquettish perfumed boudoirs made for talks at five o’clock with intimate friends, with men famous and sought after, whom all women envy and whose attention they all desire.

When she sat down to dinner, before the round table covered with a tablecloth three days old, opposite her husband, who uncovered the soup tureen and declared with an enchanted air, “Ah, the good pot-au-feu!  I don’t know anything better than that,” she thought of dainty dinners, of shining silverware, of tapestry which peopled the walls with ancient personages and with strange birds flying in the midst of a fairy forest; and she thought of delicious dishes served on marvelous plates, and of the whispered gallantries which you listen to with a sphinx-like smile, while you are eating the pink flesh of a trout or the wings of a quail.

She had no dresses, no jewels, nothing.  And she loved nothing but that; she felt made for that.  She would so have liked to please, to be envied, to be charming, to be sought after.

She had a friend, a former schoolmate at the convent, who was rich, and whom she did not like to go and see any more, because she suffered so much when she came back.

But, one evening, her husband returned home with a triumphant air, and holding a large envelope in his hand.

“There,” said he, “here is something for you.”

She tore the paper sharply, and drew out a printed card which bore these words: 

“The Minister of Public Instruction and Mme. Georges Ramponneau request the honor of M. and Mme. Loisel’s company at the palace of the Ministry on Monday evening, January 18th.”

Instead of being delighted, as her husband hoped, she threw the invitation on the table with disdain, murmuring: 

“What do you want me to do with that?”

“But, my dear, I thought you would be glad.  You never go out, and this is such a fine opportunity.  I had awful trouble to get it.  Everyone wants to go; it is very select, and they are not giving many invitations to clerks.  The whole official world will be there.”

She looked at him with an irritated eye, and she said, impatiently: 

“And what do you want me to put on my back?”

He had not thought of that; he stammered: 

“Why, the dress you go to the theater in.  It looks very well, to me.”

He stopped, distracted, seeing that his wife was crying.  Two great tears descended slowly from the corners of her eyes toward the corners of her mouth.  He stuttered: 

“What’s the matter?  What’s the matter?”

But, by a violent effort, she had conquered her grief, and she replied, with a calm voice, while she wiped her wet cheeks: 

“Nothing.  Only I have no dress, and therefore I can’t go to this ball.  Give your card to some colleague whose wife is better equipped than I.”

He was in despair.  He resumed: 

“Come, let us see, Mathilde.  How much would it cost, a suitable dress, which you could use on other occasions, something very simple?”

She reflected several seconds, making her calculations and wondering also what sum she could ask without drawing on herself an immediate refusal and a frightened exclamation from the economical clerk.

Finally, she replied, hesitatingly: 

“I don’t know exactly, but I think I could manage it with four hundred francs.”

He had grown a little pale, because he was laying aside just that amount to buy a gun and treat himself to a little shooting next summer on the plain of Nanterre, with several friends who went to shoot larks down there of a Sunday.

But he said: 

“All right.  I will give you four hundred francs.  And try to have a pretty dress.”

The day of the ball drew near, and Mme. Loisel seemed sad, uneasy, anxious.  Her dress was ready, however.  Her husband said to her one evening: 

“What is the matter?  Come, you’ve been so queer these last three days.”

And she answered: 

“It annoys me not to have a single jewel, not a single stone, nothing to put on.  I shall look like distress.  I should almost rather not go at all.”

He resumed: 

“You might wear natural flowers.  It’s very stylish at this time of the year.  For ten francs you can get two or three magnificent roses.”

She was not convinced.

“No; there’s nothing more humiliating than to look poor among other women who are rich.”

But her husband cried: 

“How stupid you are!  Go look up your friend Mme. Forestier, and ask her to lend you some jewels.  You’re quite thick enough with her to do that.”

She uttered a cry of joy: 

“It’s true.  I never thought of it.”

The next day she went to her friend and told of her distress.

Mme. Forestier went to a wardrobe with a glass door, took out a large jewel box, brought it back, opened it, and said to Mme. Loisel: 

“Choose, my dear.”

She saw first of all some bracelets, then a pearl necklace, then a Venetian cross, gold and precious stones of admirable workmanship.  She tried on the ornaments before the glass, hesitated, could not make up her mind to part with them, to give them back.  She kept asking: 

“Haven’t you any more?”

“Why, yes.  Look.  I don’t know what you like.”

All of a sudden she discovered, in a black satin box, a superb necklace of diamonds, and her heart began to beat with an immoderate desire.  Her hands trembled as she took it.  She fastened it around her throat, outside her high-necked dress, and remained lost in ecstasy at the sight of herself.

Then she asked, hesitating, filled with anguish: 

“Can you lend me that, only that?”

“Why, yes, certainly.”

She sprang upon the neck of her friend, kissed her passionately, then fled with her treasure.

The day of the ball arrived.  Mme. Loisel made a great success.  She was prettier than them all, elegant, gracious, smiling, and crazy with joy.  All the men looked at her, asked her name, endeavored to be introduced.  All the attaches of the Cabinet wanted to waltz with her.  She was remarked by the minister himself.

She danced with intoxication, with passion, made drunk by pleasure, forgetting all, in the triumph of her beauty, in the glory of her success, in a sort of cloud of happiness composed of all this homage, of all this admiration, of all these awakened desires, and of that sense of complete victory which is so sweet to woman’s heart.

She went away about four o’clock in the morning.  Her husband had been sleeping since midnight, in a little deserted anteroom, with three other gentlemen whose wives were having a very good time.

He threw over her shoulders the wraps which he had brought, modest wraps of common life, whose poverty contrasted with the elegance of the ball dress.  She felt this and wanted to escape so as not to be remarked by the other women, who were enveloping themselves in costly furs.

Loisel held her back.

“Wait a bit.  You will catch cold outside.  I will go and call a cab.”

But she did not listen to him, and rapidly descended the stairs.  When they were in the street they did not find a carriage; and they began to look for one, shouting after the cabmen whom they saw passing by at a distance.

They went down toward the Seine, in despair, shivering with cold.  At last they found on the quay one of those ancient noctambulent coupes which, exactly as if they were ashamed to show their misery during the day, are never seen round Paris until after nightfall.

It took them to their door in the Rue des Martyrs, and once more, sadly, they climbed up homeward.  All was ended for her.  And as to him, he reflected that he must be at the Ministry at ten o’clock.

She removed the wraps, which covered her shoulders, before the glass, so as once more to see herself in all her glory.  But suddenly she uttered a cry.  She had no longer the necklace around her neck!

Her husband, already half undressed, demanded: 

“What is the matter with you?”

She turned madly toward him: 

“I have ­I have ­I’ve lost Mme. Forestier’s necklace.”

He stood up, distracted.

“What! ­how? ­Impossible!”

And they looked in the folds of her dress, in the folds of her cloak, in her pockets, everywhere.  They did not find it.

He asked: 

“You’re sure you had it on when you left the ball?”

“Yes, I felt it in the vestibule of the palace.”

“But if you had lost it in the street we should have heard it fall.  It must be in the cab.”

“Yes.  Probably.  Did you take his number?”

“No.  And you, didn’t you notice it?”

“No.”

They looked, thunderstruck, at one another.  At last Loisel put on his clothes.

“I shall go back on foot,” said he, “over the whole route which we have taken, to see if I can’t find it.”

And he went out.  She sat waiting on a chair in her ball dress, without strength to go to bed, overwhelmed, without fire, without a thought.

Her husband came back about seven o’clock.  He had found nothing.

He went to Police Headquarters, to the newspaper offices, to offer a reward; he went to the cab companies ­everywhere, in fact, whither he was urged by the least suspicion of hope.

She waited all day, in the same condition of mad fear before this terrible calamity.

Loisel returned at night with a hollow, pale face; he had discovered nothing.

“You must write to your friend,” said he, “that you have broken the clasp of her necklace and that you are having it mended.  That will give us time to turn round.”

She wrote at his dictation.

At the end of a week they had lost all hope.

And Loisel, who had aged five years, declared: 

“We must consider how to replace that ornament.”

The next day they took the box which had contained it, and they went to the jeweler whose name was found within.  He consulted his books.

“It was not I, madame, who sold that necklace; I must simply have furnished the case.”

Then they went from jeweler to jeweler, searching for a necklace like the other, consulting their memories, sick both of them with chagrin and with anguish.

They found, in a shop at the Palais Royal, a string of diamonds which seemed to them exactly like the one they looked for.  It was worth forty thousand francs.  They could have it for thirty-six.

So they begged the jeweler not to sell it for three days yet.  And they made a bargain that he should buy it back for thirty-four thousand francs in case they found the other one before the end of February.

Loisel possessed eighteen thousand francs which his father had left him.  He would borrow the rest.

He did borrow, asking a thousand francs of one, five hundred of another, five louis here, three louis there.  He gave notes, took up ruinous obligations, dealt with usurers, and all the race of lenders.  He compromised all the rest of his life, risked his signature without even knowing if he could meet it; and, frightened by the pains yet to come, by the black misery which was about to fall upon him, by the prospect of all the physical privations and of all the moral tortures which he was to suffer, he went to get the new necklace, putting down upon the merchant’s counter thirty-six thousand francs.

When Mme. Loisel took back the necklace, Mme. Forestier said to her, with a chilly manner: 

“You should have returned it sooner, I might have needed it.”

She did not open the case, as her friend had so much feared.  If she had detected the substitution, what would she have thought, what would she have said?  Would she not have taken Mme. Loisel for a thief?

Mme. Loisel now knew the horrible existence of the needy.  She took her part, moreover, all on a sudden, with heroism.  That dreadful debt must be paid.  She would pay it.  They dismissed their servant; they changed their lodgings; they rented a garret under the roof.

She came to know what heavy housework meant and the odious cares of the kitchen.  She washed the dishes, using her rosy nails on the greasy pots and pans.  She washed the dirty linen, the shirts, and the dish-cloths, which she dried upon a line; she carried the slops down to the street every morning, and carried up the water, stopping for breath at every landing.  And, dressed like a woman of the people, she went to the fruiterer, the grocer, the butcher, her basket on her arm, bargaining, insulted, defending her miserable money sou by sou.

Each month they had to meet some notes, renew others, obtain more time.

Her husband worked in the evening making a fair copy of some tradesman’s accounts, and late at night he often copied manuscript for five sous a page.

And this life lasted ten years.

At the end of ten years they had paid everything, everything, with the rates of usury, and the accumulations of the compound interest.

Mme. Loisel looked old now.  She had become the woman of impoverished households ­strong and hard and rough.  With frowsy hair, skirts askew, and red hands, she talked loud while washing the floor with great swishes of water.  But sometimes, when her husband was at the office, she sat down near the window, and she thought of that gay evening of long ago, of that ball where she had been so beautiful and so feted.

What would have happened if she had not lost that necklace?  Who knows? who knows?  How life is strange and changeful!  How little a thing is needed for us to be lost or to be saved!

But, one Sunday, having gone to take a walk in the Champs Elysees to refresh herself from the labors of the week, she suddenly perceived a woman who was leading a child.  It was Mme. Forestier, still young, still beautiful, still charming.

Mme. Loisel felt moved.  Was she going to speak to her?  Yes, certainly.  And now that she had paid, she was going to tell her all about it.  Why not?

She went up.

“Good day, Jeanne.”

The other, astonished to be familiarly addressed by this plain good-wife, did not recognize her at all, and stammered: 

“But ­madame! ­I do not know ­You must have mistaken.”

“No.  I am Mathilde Loisel.”

Her friend uttered a cry.

“Oh, my poor Mathilde!  How you are changed!”

“Yes, I have had days hard enough, since I have seen you, days wretched enough ­and that because of you!”

“Of me!  How so?”

“Do you remember that diamond necklace which you lent me to wear at the ministerial ball?”

“Yes.  Well?”

“Well, I lost it.”

“What do you mean?  You brought it back.”

“I brought you back another just like it.  And for this we have been ten years paying.  You can understand that it was not easy for us, us who had nothing.  At last it is ended, and I am very glad.”

Mme. Forestier had stopped.

“You say that you bought a necklace of diamonds to replace mine?”

“Yes.  You never noticed it, then!  They were very like.”

And she smiled with a joy which was proud and naïve at once.

Mme. Forestier, strongly moved, took her two hands.

“Oh, my poor Mathilde!  Why, my necklace was paste.  It was worth at most five hundred francs!”

The Man with the Pale Eyes

Monsieur Pierre Agenor De Vargnes, the Examining Magistrate, was the exact opposite of a practical joker.  He was dignity, staidness, correctness personified.  As a sedate man, he was quite incapable of being guilty, even in his dreams, of anything resembling a practical joke, however remotely.  I know nobody to whom he could be compared, unless it be the present president of the French Republic.  I think it is useless to carry the analogy any further, and having said thus much, it will be easily understood that a cold shiver passed through me when Monsieur Pierre Agenor de Vargnes did me the honor of sending a lady to await on me.

At about eight o’clock, one morning last winter, as he was leaving the house to go to the Palais de Justice, his footman handed him a card, on which was printed: 

Doctor James Ferdinand, Member of the Academy of Medicine, Port-au-Prince, Chevalier of the Legion of Honor.

At the bottom of the card there was written in pencil: 

    From Lady Frogere.

Monsieur de Vargnes knew the lady very well, who was a very agreeable Creole from Hayti, and whom he had met in many drawing-rooms, and, on the other hand, though the doctor’s name did not awaken any recollections in him, his quality and titles alone required that he should grant him an interview, however short it might be.  Therefore, although he was in a hurry to get out, Monsieur de Vargnes told the footman to show in his early visitor, but to tell him beforehand that his master was much pressed for time, as he had to go to the Law Courts.

When the doctor came in, in spite of his usual imperturbability, he could not restrain a movement of surprise, for the doctor presented that strange anomaly of being a negro of the purest, blackest type, with the eyes of a white man, of a man from the North, pale, cold, clear, blue eyes, and his surprise increased, when, after a few words of excuse for his untimely visit, he added, with an enigmatical smile: 

“My eyes surprise you, do they not?  I was sure that they would, and, to tell you the truth, I came here in order that you might look at them well, and never forget them.”

His smile, and his words, even more than his smile, seemed to be those of a madman.  He spoke very softly, with that childish, lisping voice, which is peculiar to negroes, and his mysterious, almost menacing words, consequently, sounded all the more as if they were uttered at random by a man bereft of his reason.  But his looks, the looks of those pale, cold, clear, blue eyes, were certainly not those of a madman.  They clearly expressed menace, yes, menace, as well as irony, and, above all, implacable ferocity, and their glance was like a flash of lightning, which one could never forget.

“I have seen,” Monsieur de Vargnes used to say, when speaking about it, “the looks of many murderers, but in none of them have I ever observed such a depth of crime, and of impudent security in crime.”

And this impression was so strong, that Monsieur de Vargnes thought that he was the sport of some hallucination, especially as when he spoke about his eyes, the doctor continued with a smile, and in his most childish accents:  “Of course, Monsieur, you cannot understand what I am saying to you, and I must beg your pardon for it.  To-morrow you will receive a letter which will explain it all to you, but, first of all, it was necessary that I should let you have a good, a careful look at my eyes, my eyes, which are myself, my only and true self, as you will see.”

With these words, and with a polite bow, the doctor went out, leaving Monsieur de Vargnes extremely surprised, and a prey to this doubt, as he said to himself: 

“Is he merely a madman?  The fierce expression, and the criminal depths of his looks are perhaps caused merely by the extraordinary contrast between his fierce looks and his pale eyes.”

And absorbed in these thoughts, Monsieur de Vargnes unfortunately allowed several minutes to elapse, and then he thought to himself suddenly: 

“No, I am not the sport of any hallucination, and this is no case of an optical phenomenon.  This man is evidently some terrible criminal, and I have altogether failed in my duty in not arresting him myself at once, illegally, even at the risk of my life.”

The judge ran downstairs in pursuit of the doctor, but it was too late; he had disappeared.  In the afternoon, he called on Madame Frogere, to ask her whether she could tell him anything about the matter.  She, however, did not know the negro doctor in the least, and was even able to assure him that he was a fictitious personage, for, as she was well acquainted with the upper classes in Hayti, she knew that the Academy of Medicine at Port-au-Prince had no doctor of that name among its members.  As Monsieur de Vargnes persisted, and gave descriptions of the doctor, especially mentioning his extraordinary eyes, Madame Frogere began to laugh, and said: 

“You have certainly had to do with a hoaxer, my dear monsieur.  The eyes which you have described are certainly those of a white man, and the individual must have been painted.”

On thinking it over, Monsieur de Vargnes remembered that the doctor had nothing of the negro about him, but his black skin, his woolly hair and beard, and his way of speaking, which was easily imitated, but nothing of the negro, not even the characteristic, undulating walk.  Perhaps, after all, he was only a practical joker, and during the whole day, Monsieur de Vargnes took refuge in that view, which rather wounded his dignity as a man of consequence, but which appeased his scruples as a magistrate.

The next day, he received the promised letter, which was written, as well as addressed, in letters cut out of the newspapers.  It was as follows: 

“Monsieur:  Doctor James Ferdinand does not exist, but the man whose eyes you saw does, and you will certainly recognize his eyes.  This man has committed two crimes, for which he does not feel any remorse, but, as he is a psychologist, he is afraid of some day yielding to the irresistible temptation of confessing his crimes.  You know better than anyone (and that is your most powerful aid), with what imperious force criminals, especially intellectual ones, feel this temptation.  That great Poet, Edgar Poe, has written masterpieces on this subject, which express the truth exactly, but he has omitted to mention the last phenomenon, which I will tell you.  Yes, I, a criminal, feel a terrible wish for somebody to know of my crimes, and when this requirement is satisfied, my secret has been revealed to a confidant, I shall be tranquil for the future, and be freed from this demon of perversity, which only tempts us once.  Well!  Now that is accomplished.  You shall have my secret; from the day that you recognize me by my eyes, you will try and find out what I am guilty of, and how I was guilty, and you will discover it, being a master of your profession, which, by the by, has procured you the honor of having been chosen by me to bear the weight of this secret, which now is shared by us, and by us two alone.  I say, advisedly, by us two alone.  You could not, as a matter of fact, prove the reality of this secret to anyone, unless I were to confess it, and I defy you to obtain my public confession, as I have confessed it to you, and without danger to myself.”

Three months later, Monsieur de Vargnes met Monsieur X ­ at an evening party, and at first sight, and without the slightest hesitation, he recognized in him those very pale, very cold, and very clear blue eyes, eyes which it was impossible to forget.

The man himself remained perfectly impassive, so that Monsieur de Vargnes was forced to say to himself: 

“Probably I am the sport of an hallucination at this moment, or else there are two pairs of eyes that are perfectly similar in the world.  And what eyes!  Can it be possible?”

The magistrate instituted inquiries into his life, and he discovered this, which removed all his doubts.

Five years previously, Monsieur X ­ had been a very poor, but very brilliant medical student, who, although he never took his doctor’s degree, had already made himself remarkable by his microbiological researches.

A young and very rich widow had fallen in love with him and married him.  She had one child by her first marriage, and in the space of six months, first the child and then the mother died of typhoid fever, and thus Monsieur X ­ had inherited a large fortune, in due form, and without any possible dispute.  Everybody said that he had attended to the two patients with the utmost devotion.  Now, were these two deaths the two crimes mentioned in his letter?

But then, Monsieur X ­ must have poisoned his two victims with the microbes of typhoid fever, which he had skillfully cultivated in them, so as to make the disease incurable, even by the most devoted care and attention.  Why not?

“Do you believe it?” I asked Monsieur de Vargnes.

“Absolutely,” he replied.  “And the most terrible thing about it is, that the villain is right when he defies me to force him to confess his crime publicly, for I see no means of obtaining a confession, none whatever.  For a moment, I thought of magnetism, but who could magnetize that man with those pale, cold, bright eyes?  With such eyes, he would force the magnetizer to denounce himself as the culprit.”

And then he said, with a deep sigh: 

“Ah!  Formerly there was something good about justice!”

And when he saw my inquiring looks, he added in a firm and perfectly convinced voice: 

“Formerly, justice had torture at its command.”

“Upon my word,” I replied, with all an author’s unconscious and simple egotism, “it is quite certain that without the torture, this strange tale will have no conclusion, and that is very unfortunate, as far as regards the story I intended to make out of it.”

An Uncomfortable Bed

One autumn I went to stay for the hunting season with some friends in a chateau in Picardy.

My friends were fond of practical joking, as all my friends are.  I do not care to know any other sort of people.

When I arrived, they gave me a princely reception, which at once aroused distrust in my breast.  We had some capital shooting.  They embraced me, they cajoled me, as if they expected to have great fun at my expense.

I said to myself: 

“Look out, old ferret!  They have something in preparation for you.”

During the dinner, the mirth was excessive, far too great, in fact.  I thought:  “Here are people who take a double share of amusement, and apparently without reason.  They must be looking out in their own minds for some good bit of fun.  Assuredly I am to be the victim of the joke.  Attention!”

During the entire evening, everyone laughed in an exaggerated fashion.  I smelled a practical joke in the air, as a dog smells game.  But what was it?  I was watchful, restless.  I did not let a word or a meaning or a gesture escape me.  Everyone seemed to me an object of suspicion, and I even looked distrustfully at the faces of the servants.

The hour rang for going to bed, and the whole household came to escort me to my room.  Why?  They called to me:  “Good night.”  I entered the apartment, shut the door, and remained standing, without moving a single step, holding the wax candle in my hand.

I heard laughter and whispering in the corridor.  Without doubt they were spying on me.  I cast a glance around the walls, the furniture, the ceiling, the hangings, the floor.  I saw nothing to justify suspicion.  I heard persons moving about outside my door.  I had no doubt they were looking through the keyhole.

An idea came into my head:  “My candle may suddenly go out, and leave me in darkness.”

Then I went across to the mantelpiece, and lighted all the wax candles that were on it.  After that, I cast another glance around me without discovering anything.  I advanced with short steps, carefully examining the apartment.  Nothing.  I inspected every article one after the other.  Still nothing.  I went over to the window.  The shutters, large wooden shutters, were open.  I shut them with great care, and then drew the curtains, enormous velvet curtains, and I placed a chair in front of them, so as to have nothing to fear from without.

Then I cautiously sat down.  The armchair was solid.  I did not venture to get into the bed.  However, time was flying; and I ended by coming to the conclusion that I was ridiculous.  If they were spying on me, as I supposed, they must, while waiting for the success of the joke they had been preparing for me, have been laughing enormously at my terror.  So I made up my mind to go to bed.  But the bed was particularly suspicious-looking.  I pulled at the curtains.  They seemed to be secure.  All the same, there was danger.  I was going perhaps to receive a cold shower-bath from overhead, or perhaps, the moment I stretched myself out, to find myself sinking under the floor with my mattress.  I searched in my memory for all the practical jokes of which I ever had experience.  And I did not want to be caught.  Ah! certainly not! certainly not!  Then I suddenly bethought myself of a precaution which I consider one of extreme efficacy:  I caught hold of the side of the mattress gingerly, and very slowly drew it toward me.  It came away, followed by the sheet and the rest of the bedclothes.  I dragged all these objects into the very middle of the room, facing the entrance door.  I made my bed over again as best I could at some distance from the suspected bedstead and the corner which had filled me with such anxiety.  Then, I extinguished all the candles, and, groping my way, I slipped under the bedclothes.

For at least another hour, I remained awake, starting at the slightest sound.  Everything seemed quiet in the chateau.  I fell asleep.

I must have been in a deep sleep for a long time, but all of a sudden, I was awakened with a start by the fall of a heavy body tumbling right on top of my own body, and, at the same time, I received on my face, on my neck, and on my chest a burning liquid which made me utter a howl of pain.  And a dreadful noise, as if a sideboard laden with plates and dishes had fallen down, penetrated my ears.

I felt myself suffocating under the weight that was crushing me and preventing me from moving.  I stretched out my hand to find out what was the nature of this object.  I felt a face, a nose, and whiskers.  Then with all my strength I launched out a blow over this face.  But I immediately received a hail of cuffings which made me jump straight out of the soaked sheets, and rush in my nightshirt into the corridor, the door of which I found open.

O stupor! it was broad daylight.  The noise brought my friends hurrying into the apartment, and we found, sprawling over my improvised bed, the dismayed valet, who, while bringing me my morning cup of tea, had tripped over this obstacle in the middle of the floor, and fallen on his stomach, spilling, in spite of himself, my breakfast over my face.

The precautions I had taken in closing the shutters and going to sleep in the middle of the room had only brought about the interlude I had been striving to avoid.

Ah! how they all laughed that day!

Ghosts

Just at the time when the Concordat was in its most flourishing condition, a young man belonging to a wealthy and highly respected middle-class family went to the office of the head of the police at P ­, and begged for his help and advice, which was immediately promised him.

“My father threatens to disinherit me,” the young man then began, “although I have never offended against the laws of the State, of morality or of his paternal authority, merely because I do not share his blind reverence for the Catholic Church and her Ministers.  On that account he looks upon me, not merely as Latitudinarian, but as a perfect Atheist, and a faithful old manservant of ours, who is much attached to me, and who accidentally saw my father’s will, told me in confidence that he had left all his property to the Jesuits.  I think this is highly suspicious, and I fear that the priests have been maligning me to my father.  Until less than a year ago, we used to live very quietly and happily together, but ever since he has had so much to do with the clergy, our domestic peace and happiness are at an end.”

“What you have told me,” the official replied, “is as likely as it is regrettable, but I fail to see how I can interfere in the matter.  Your father is in full possession of all his mental faculties, and can dispose of all his property exactly as he pleases.  I also think that your protest is premature; you must wait until his will can legally take effect, and then you can invoke the aid of justice; I am sorry to say that I can do nothing for you.”

“I think you will be able to,” the young man replied; “for I believe that a very clever piece of deceit is being carried on here.”

“How?  Please explain yourself more clearly.”

“When I remonstrated with him, yesterday evening, he referred to my dead mother, and at last assured me, in a voice of the deepest conviction, that she had frequently appeared to him, and had threatened him with all the torments of the damned if he did not disinherit his son, who had fallen away from God, and leave all his property to the Church.  Now I do not believe in ghosts.”

“Neither do I,” the police director replied; “but I cannot well do anything on this dangerous ground if I had nothing but superstitions to go upon.  You know how the Church rules all our affairs since the Concordat with Rome, and if I investigate this matter, and obtain no results, I am risking my post.  It would be very different if you could adduce any proofs for your suspicions.  I do not deny that I should like to see the clerical party, which will, I fear, be the ruin of Austria, receive a staggering blow; try, therefore, to get to the bottom of this business, and then we will talk it over again.”

About a month passed without the young Latitudinarian being heard of; but then he suddenly came one evening, evidently in a great state of excitement, and told him that he was in a position to expose the priestly deceit which he had mentioned, if the authorities would assist him.  The police director asked for further information.

“I have obtained a number of important clews,” the young man said.  “In the first place, my father confessed to me that my mother did not appear to him in our house, but in the churchyard where she is buried.  My mother was consumptive for many years, and a few weeks before her death she went to the village of S ­, where she died and was buried.  In addition to this, I found out from our footman that my father has already left the house twice, late at night, in company of X ­, the Jesuit priest, and that on both occasions he did not return till morning.  Each time he was remarkably uneasy and low-spirited after his return, and had three masses said for my dead mother.  He also told me just now that he has to leave home this evening on business, but immediately he told me that, our footman saw the Jesuit go out of the house.  We may, therefore, assume that he intends this evening to consult the spirit of my dead mother again, and this would be an excellent opportunity for getting on the track of the matter, if you do not object to opposing the most powerful force in the Empire, for the sake of such an insignificant individual as myself.”

“Every citizen has an equal right to the protection of the State,” the police director replied; “and I think that I have shown often enough that I am not wanting in courage to perform my duty, no matter how serious the consequences may be; but only very young men act without any prospects of success, as they are carried away by their feelings.  When you came to me the first time, I was obliged to refuse your request for assistance, but to-day your shares have risen in value.  It is now eight o’clock, and I shall expect you in two hours’ time here in my office.  At present, all you have to do is to hold your tongue; everything else is my affair.”

As soon as it was dark, four men got into a closed carriage in the yard of the police office, and were driven in the direction of the village of S ­; their carriage, however, did not enter the village, but stopped at the edge of a small wood in the immediate neighborhood.  Here they all four alighted; they were the police director, accompanied by the young Latitudinarian, a police sergeant and an ordinary policeman, who was, however, dressed in plain clothes.

“The first thing for us to do is to examine the locality carefully,” the police director said:  “it is eleven o’clock and the exercisers of ghosts will not arrive before midnight, so we have time to look round us, and to take our measure.”

The four men went to the churchyard, which lay at the end of the village, near the little wood.  Everything was as still as death, and not a soul was to be seen.  The sexton was evidently sitting in the public house, for they found the door of his cottage locked, as well as the door of the little chapel that stood in the middle of the churchyard.

“Where is your mother’s grave?” the police director asked; but as there were only a few stars visible, it was not easy to find it, but at last they managed it, and the police director looked about in the neighborhood of it.

“The position is not a very favorable one for us,” he said at last; “there is nothing here, not even a shrub, behind which we could hide.”

But just then, the policeman said that he had tried to get into the sexton’s hut through the door or the window, and that at last he had succeeded in doing so by breaking open a square in a window, which had been mended with paper, and that he had opened it and obtained posesssion of the key which he brought to the police director.

His plans were very quickly settled.  He had the chapel opened and went in with the young Latitudinarian; then he told the police sergeant to lock the door behind him and to put the key back where he had found it, and to shut the window of the sexton’s cottage carefully.  Lastly, he made arrangements as to what they were to do in case anything unforeseen should occur, whereupon the sergeant and the constable left the churchyard, and lay down in a ditch at some distance from the gate, but opposite to it.

Almost as soon as the clock struck half-past eleven, they heard steps near the chapel, whereupon the police director and the young Latitudinarian went to the window, in order to watch the beginning of the exorcism, and as the chapel was in total darkness, they thought that they should be able to see, without being seen; but matters turned out differently from what they expected.

Suddenly, the key turned in the lock, and they barely had time to conceal themselves behind the altar before two men came in, one of whom was carrying a dark lantern.  One was the young man’s father, an elderly man of the middle class, who seemed very unhappy and depressed, the other the Jesuit father K ­, a tall, thin, big-boned man, with a thin, bilious face, in which two large gray eyes shone restlessly under their bushy black eyebrows.  He lit the tapers, which were standing on the altar, and then began to say a Requiem Mass; while the old man knelt on the altar steps and served him.

When it was over, the Jesuit took the book of the Gospels and the holy-water sprinkler, and went slowly out of the chapel, while the old man followed him, with a holy-water basin in one hand and a taper in the other.  Then the police director left his hiding place, and stooping down, so as not to be seen, he crept to the chapel window, where he cowered down carefully, and the young man followed his example.  They were now looking straight on his mother’s grave.

The Jesuit, followed by the superstitious old man, walked three times round the grave, then he remained standing before it, and by the light of the taper he read a few passages from the Gospel; then he dipped the holy-water sprinkler three times into the holy-water basin, and sprinkled the grave three times; then both returned to the chapel, knelt down outside it with their faces toward the grave, and began to pray aloud, until at last the Jesuit sprang up, in a species of wild ecstasy, and cried out three times in a shrill voice: 

"Exsurge!  Exsurge!  Exsurge!"

Scarcely had the last word of the exorcism died away when thick, blue smoke rose out of the grave, which rapidly grew into a cloud, and began to assume the outlines of a human body, until at last a tall, white figure stood behind the grave, and beckoned with its hand.

“Who art thou?” the Jesuit asked solemnly, while the old man began to cry.

“When I was alive, I was called Anna Maria B ­,” the ghost replied in a hollow voice.

“Will you answer all my questions?” the priest continued.

“As far as I can.”

“Have you not yet been delivered from purgatory by our prayers, and all the Masses for your soul, which we have said for you?”

“Not yet, but soon, soon I shall be.”

“When?”

“As soon as that blasphemer, my son, has been punished.”

“Has that not already happened?  Has not your husband disinherited his lost son, and made the Church his heir, in his place?”

“That is not enough.”

“What must he do besides?”

“He must deposit his will with the Judicial Authorities as his last will and testament, and drive the reprobate out of his house.”

“Consider well what you are saying; must this really be?”

“It must, or otherwise I shall have to languish in purgatory much longer,” the sepulchral voice replied with a deep sigh; but the next moment it yelled out in terror: ­

“Oh!  Good Lord!” and the ghost began to run away as fast as it could.  A shrill whistle was heard, and then another, and the police director laid his hand on the shoulder of the exorciser accompanied with the remark: ­

“You are in custody.”

Meanwhile, the police sergeant and the policeman, who had come into the churchyard, had caught the ghost, and dragged it forward.  It was the sexton, who had put on a flowing, white dress, and who wore a wax mask, which bore striking resemblance to his mother, as the son declared.

When the case was heard, it was proved that the mask had been very skillfully made from a portrait of the deceased woman.  The Government gave orders that the matter should be investigated as secretly as possible, and left the punishment of Father K ­ to the spiritual authorities, which was a matter of course, at a time when priests were outside the jurisdiction of the Civil Authorities; and it is needless to say that he was very comfortable during his imprisonment, in a monastery in a part of the country which abounded with game and trout.

The only valuable result of the amusing ghost story was that it brought about a reconciliation between father and son, and the former, as a matter of fact, felt such deep respect for priests and their ghosts in consequence of the apparition that a short time after his wife had left purgatory for the last time in order to talk with him ­he turned Protestant.

Fear

We went up on deck after dinner.  Before us the Mediterranean lay without a ripple and shimmering in the moonlight.  The great ship glided on, casting upward to the star-studded sky a long serpent of black smoke.  Behind us the dazzling white water, stirred by the rapid progress of the heavy bark and beaten by the propeller, foamed, seemed to writhe, gave off so much brilliancy that one could have called it boiling moonlight.

There were six or eight of us silent with admiration and gazing toward far-away Africa whither we were going.  The commandant, who was smoking a cigar with us, brusquely resumed the conversation begun at dinner.

“Yes, I was afraid then.  My ship remained for six hours on that rock, beaten by the wind and with a great hole in the side.  Luckily we were picked up toward evening by an English coaler which sighted us.”

Then a tall man of sunburned face and grave demeanor, one of those men who have evidently traveled unknown and far-away lands, whose calm eye seems to preserve in its depths something of the foreign scenes it has observed, a man that you are sure is impregnated with courage, spoke for the first time.

“You say, commandant, that you were afraid.  I beg to disagree with you.  You are in error as to the meaning of the word and the nature of the sensation that you experienced.  An energetic man is never afraid in the presence of urgent danger.  He is excited, aroused, full of anxiety, but fear is something quite different.”

The commandant laughed and answered:  “Bah!  I assure you that I was afraid.”

Then the man of the tanned countenance addressed us deliberately as follows: 

“Permit me to explain.  Fear ­and the boldest men may feel fear ­is something horrible, an atrocious sensation, a sort of decomposition of the soul, a terrible spasm of brain and heart, the very memory of which brings a shudder of anguish, but when one is brave he feels it neither under fire nor in the presence of sure death nor in the face of any well-known danger.  It springs up under certain abnormal conditions, under certain mysterious influences in the presence of vague peril.  Real fear is a sort of reminiscence of fantastic terror of the past.  A man who believes in ghosts and imagines he sees a specter in the darkness must feel fear in all its horror.

“As for me I was overwhelmed with fear in broad daylight about ten years ago and again one December night last winter.

“Nevertheless, I have gone through many dangers, many adventures which seemed to promise death.  I have often been in battle.  I have been left for dead by thieves.  In America I was condemned as an insurgent to be hanged, and off the coast of China have been thrown into the sea from the deck of a ship.  Each time I thought I was lost I at once decided upon my course of action without regret or weakness.

“That is not fear.

“I have felt it in Africa, and yet it is a child of the north.  The sunlight banishes it like the mist.  Consider this fact, gentlemen.  Among the Orientals life has no value; resignation is natural.  The nights are clear and empty of the somber spirit of unrest which haunts the brain in cooler lands.  In the Orient panic is known, but not fear.

“Well, then!  Here is the incident that befell me in Africa.

“I was crossing the great sands to the south of Onargla.  It is one of the most curious districts in the world.  You have seen the solid continuous sand of the endless ocean strands.  Well, imagine the ocean itself turned to sand in the midst of a storm.  Imagine a silent tempest with motionless billows of yellow dust.  They are high as mountains, these uneven, varied surges, rising exactly like unchained billows, but still larger, and stratified like watered silk.  On this wild, silent, and motionless sea, the consuming rays of the tropical sun are poured pitilessly and directly.  You have to climb these streaks of red-hot ash, descend again on the other side, climb again, climb, climb without halt, without repose, without shade.  The horses cough, sink to their knees and slide down the sides of these remarkable hills.

“We were a couple of friends followed by eight spahis and four camels with their drivers.  We were no longer talking, overcome by heat, fatigue, and a thirst such as had produced this burning desert.  Suddenly one of our men uttered a cry.  We all halted, surprised by an unsolved phenomenon known only to travelers in these trackless wastes.

“Somewhere, near us, in an indeterminable direction, a drum was rolling, the mysterious drum of the sands.  It was beating distinctly, now with greater resonance and again feebler, ceasing, then resuming its uncanny roll.

“The Arabs, terrified, stared at one another, and one said in his language:  ‘Death is upon us.’  As he spoke, my companion, my friend, almost a brother, dropped from his horse, falling face downward on the sand, overcome by a sunstroke.

“And for two hours, while I tried in vain to save him, this weird drum filled my ears with its monotonous, intermittent and incomprehensible tone, and I felt lay hold of my bones fear, real fear, hideous fear, in the presence of this beloved corpse, in this hole scorched by the sun, surrounded by four mountains of sand, and two hundred leagues from any French settlement, while echo assailed our ears with this furious drum beat.

“On that day I realized what fear was, but since then I have had another, and still more vivid experience ­”

The commandant interrupted the speaker: 

“I beg your pardon, but what was the drum?”

The traveler replied: 

“I cannot say.  No one knows.  Our officers are often surprised by this singular noise and attribute it generally to the echo produced by a hail of grains of sand blown by the wind against the dry and brittle leaves of weeds, for it has always been noticed that the phenomenon occurs in proximity to little plants burned by the sun and hard as parchment.  This sound seems to have been magnified, multiplied, and swelled beyond measure in its progress through the valleys of sand, and the drum therefore might be considered a sort of sound mirage.  Nothing more.  But I did not know that until later.

“I shall proceed to my second instance.

“It was last winter, in a forest of the Northeast of France.  The sky was so overcast that night came two hours earlier than usual.  My guide was a peasant who walked beside me along the narrow road, under the vault of fir trees, through which the wind in its fury howled.  Between the tree tops, I saw the fleeting clouds, which seemed to hasten as if to escape some object of terror.  Sometimes in a fierce gust of wind the whole forest bowed in the same direction with a groan of pain, and a chill laid hold of me, despite my rapid pace and heavy clothing.

“We were to sup and sleep at an old gamekeeper’s house not much farther on.  I had come out for hunting.

“My guide sometimes raised his eyes and murmured:  ‘Ugly weather!’ Then he told me about the people among whom we were to spend the night.  The father had killed a poacher, two years before, and since then had been gloomy and behaved as though haunted by a memory.  His two sons were married and lived with him.

“The darkness was profound.  I could see nothing before me nor around me and the mass of overhanging interlacing trees rubbed together, filling the night with an incessant whispering.  Finally I saw a light and soon my companion was knocking upon a door.  Sharp women’s voices answered us, then a man’s voice, a choking voice, asked, ‘Who goes there?’ My guide gave his name.  We entered and beheld a memorable picture.

“An old man with white hair, wild eyes, and a loaded gun in his hands, stood waiting for us in the middle of the kitchen, while two stalwart youths, armed with axes, guarded the door.  In the somber corners I distinguished two women kneeling with faces to the wall.

“Matters were explained, and the old man stood his gun against the wall, at the same time ordering that a room be prepared for me.  Then, as the women did not stir:  ‘Look you, monsieur,’ said he, ’two years ago this night I killed a man, and last year he came back to haunt me.  I expect him again to-night.’

“Then he added in a tone that made me smile: 

“‘And so we are somewhat excited.’

“I reassured him as best I could, happy to have arrived on that particular evening and to witness this superstitious terror.  I told stories and almost succeeded in calming the whole household.

“Near the fireplace slept an old dog, mustached and almost blind, with his head between his paws, such a dog as reminds you of people you have known.

“Outside, the raging storm was beating against the little house, and suddenly through a small pane of glass, a sort of peep-window placed near the door, I saw in a brilliant flash of lightning a whole mass of trees thrashed by the wind.

“In spite of my efforts, I realized that terror was laying hold of these people, and each time that I ceased to speak, all ears listened for distant sounds.  Annoyed at these foolish fears, I was about to retire to my bed, when the old gamekeeper suddenly leaped from his chair, seized his gun and stammered wildly:  ’There he is, there he is!  I hear him!’ The two women again sank upon their knees in the corner and hid their faces, while the sons took up the axes.  I was going to try to pacify them once more, when the sleeping dog awakened suddenly and, raising his head and stretching his neck, looked at the fire with his dim eyes and uttered one of those mournful howls which make travelers shudder in the darkness and solitude of the country.  All eyes were focused upon him now as he rose on his front feet, as though haunted by a vision, and began to howl at something invisible, unknown, and doubtless horrible, for he was bristling all over.  The gamekeeper with livid face cried:  ’He scents him!  He scents him!  He was there when I killed him.’  The two women, terrified, began to wail in concert with the dog.

“In spite of myself, cold chills ran down my spine.  This vision of the animal at such a time and place, in the midst of these startled people, was something frightful to witness.

“Then for an hour the dog howled without stirring; he howled as though in the anguish of a nightmare; and fear, horrible fear came over me.  Fear of what?  How can I say?  It was fear, and that is all I know.

“We remained motionless and pale, expecting something awful to happen.  Our ears were strained and our hearts beat loudly while the slightest noise startled us.  Then the beast began to walk around the room, sniffing at the walls and growling constantly.  His maneuvers were driving us mad!  Then the countryman, who had brought me thither, in a paroxysm of rage, seized the dog, and carrying him to a door, which opened into a small court, thrust him forth.

“The noise was suppressed and we were left plunged in a silence still more terrible.  Then suddenly we all started.  Some one was gliding along the outside wall toward the forest; then he seemed to be feeling of the door with a trembling hand; then for two minutes nothing was heard and we almost lost our minds.  Then he returned, still feeling along the wall, and scratched lightly upon the door as a child might do with his finger nails.  Suddenly a face appeared behind the glass of the peep-window, a white face with eyes shining like those of the cat tribe.  A sound was heard, an indistinct plaintive murmur.

“Then there was a formidable burst of noise in the kitchen.  The old gamekeeper had fired and the two sons at once rushed forward and barricaded the window with the great table, reinforcing it with the buffet.

“I swear to you that at the shock of the gun’s discharge, which I did not expect, such an anguish laid hold of my heart, my soul, and my very body that I felt myself about to fall, about to die from fear.

“We remained there until dawn, unable to move, in short, seized by an indescribable numbness of the brain.

“No one dared to remove the barricade until a thin ray of sunlight appeared through a crack in the back room.

“At the base of the wall and under the window, we found the old dog lying dead, his skull shattered by a ball.

“He had escaped from the little court by digging a hole under a fence.”

The dark-visaged man became silent, then he added: 

“And yet on that night I incurred no danger, but I should rather again pass through all the hours in which I have confronted the most terrible perils than the one minute when that gun was discharged at the bearded head in the window.”

The Confession

Marguerite de Therelles was dying.  Although but fifty-six, she seemed like seventy-five at least.  She panted, paler than the sheets, shaken by dreadful shiverings, her face convulsed, her eyes haggard, as if she had seen some horrible thing.

Her eldest sister, Suzanne, six years older, sobbed on her knees beside the bed.  A little table drawn close to the couch of the dying woman, and covered with a napkin, bore two lighted candles, the priest being momentarily expected to give extreme unction and the communion, which should be the last.

The apartment had that sinister aspect, that air of hopeless farewells, which belongs to the chambers of the dying.  Medicine bottles stood about on the furniture, linen lay in the corners, pushed aside by foot or broom.  The disordered chairs themselves seemed affrighted, as if they had run, in all the senses of the word.  Death, the formidable, was there, hidden, waiting.

The story of the two sisters was very touching.  It was quoted far and wide; it had made many eyes to weep.

Suzanne, the elder, had once been madly in love with a young man, who had also been in love with her.  They were engaged, and were only waiting the day fixed for the contract, when Henry de Lampierre suddenly died.

The despair of the young girl was dreadful, and she vowed that she would never marry.  She kept her word.  She put on widow’s weeds, which she never took off.

Then her sister, her little sister Marguerite, who was only twelve years old, came one morning to throw herself into the arms of the elder, and said:  “Big Sister, I do not want thee to be unhappy.  I do not want thee to cry all thy life.  I will never leave thee, never, never!  I ­I, too, shall never marry.  I shall stay with thee always, always, always!”

Suzanne, touched by the devotion of the child, kissed her, but did not believe.

Yet the little one, also, kept her word, and despite the entreaties of her parents, despite the supplications of the elder, she never married.  She was pretty, very pretty; she refused many a young man who seemed to love her truly; and she never left her sister more.

They lived together all the days of their life, without ever being separated a single time.  They went side by side, inseparably united.  But Marguerite seemed always sad, oppressed, more melancholy than the elder, as though perhaps her sublime sacrifice had broken her spirit.  She aged more quickly, had white hair from the age of thirty, and often suffering, seemed afflicted by some secret, gnawing trouble.

Now she was to be the first to die.

Since yesterday she was no longer able to speak.  She had only said, at the first glimmers of day-dawn: 

“Go fetch Monsieur lé Cure, the moment has come.”

And she had remained since then upon her back, shaken with spasms, her lips agitated as though dreadful words were mounting from her heart without power of issue, her look mad with fear, terrible to see.

Her sister, torn by sorrow, wept wildly, her forehead resting on the edge of the bed, and kept repeating: 

“Margot, my poor Margot, my little one!”

She had always called her, “Little One,” just as the younger had always called her “Big Sister.”

Steps were heard on the stairs.  The door opened.  A choir boy appeared, followed by an old priest in a surplice.  As soon as she perceived him, the dying woman, with one shudder, sat up, opened her lips, stammered two or three words, and began to scratch the sheets with her nails as if she had wished to make a hole.

The Abbe Simon approached, took her hand, kissed her brow, and with a soft voice: 

“God pardon thee, my child; have courage, the moment is now come, speak.”

Then Marguerite, shivering from head to foot, shaking her whole couch with nervous movements, stammered: 

“Sit down, Big Sister ... listen.”

The priest bent down toward Suzanne, who was still flung upon the bed’s foot.  He raised her, placed her in an armchair, and taking a hand of each of the sisters in one of his own, he pronounced: 

“Lord, my God!  Endue them with strength, cast Thy mercy upon them.”

And Marguerite began to speak.  The words issued from her throat one by one, raucous, with sharp pauses, as though very feeble.

“Pardon, pardon, Big Sister; oh, forgive!  If thou knewest how I have had fear of this moment all my life....”

Suzanne stammered through her tears: 

“Forgive thee what, Little One?  Thou hast given all to me, sacrificed everything; thou art an angel....”

But Marguerite interrupted her: 

“Hush, hush!  Let me speak ... do not stop me.  It is dreadful ... let me tell all ... to the very end, without flinching.  Listen.  Thou rememberest ... thou rememberest ...  Henry....”

Suzanne trembled and looked at her sister.  The younger continued: 

“Thou must hear all, to understand.  I was twelve years old, only twelve years old; thou rememberest well, is it not so?  And I was spoiled, I did everything that I liked!  Thou rememberest, surely, how they spoiled me?  Listen.  The first time that he came he had varnished boots.  He got down from his horse at the great steps, and he begged pardon for his costume, but he came to bring some news to papa.  Thou rememberest, is it not so?  Don’t speak ­listen.  When I saw him I was completely carried away, I found him so very beautiful; and I remained standing in a corner of the salon all the time that he was talking.  Children are strange ... and terrible.  Oh yes ...  I have dreamed of all that.

“He came back again ... several times ...  I looked at him with all my eyes, with all my soul ...  I was large of my age ... and very much more knowing than anyone thought.  He came back often ...  I thought only of him.  I said, very low: 

“‘Henry ...  Henry de Lampierre!’

“Then they said that he was going to marry thee.  It was a sorrow; oh, Big Sister, a sorrow ... a sorrow!  I cried for three nights without sleeping.  He came back every day, in the afternoon, after his lunch ... thou rememberest, is it not so?  Say nothing ... listen.  Thou madest him cakes which he liked ... with meal, with butter and milk.  Oh, I know well how.  I could make them yet if it were needed.  He ate them at one mouthful, and ... and then he drank a glass of wine, and then he said, ‘It is delicious.’  Thou rememberest how he would say that?

“I was jealous, jealous!  The moment of thy marriage approached.  There were only two weeks more.  I became crazy.  I said to myself:  ’He shall not marry Suzanne, no, I will not have it!  It is I whom he will marry when I am grown up.  I shall never find anyone whom I love so much.’  But one night, ten days before the contract, thou tookest a walk with him in front of the chateau by moonlight ... and there ... under the fir, under the great fir ... he kissed thee ... kissed ... holding thee in his two arms ... so long.  Thou rememberest, is it not so?  It was probably the first time ... yes ...  Thou wast so pale when thou earnest back to the salon.

“I had seen you two; I was there, in the shrubbery.  I was angry!  If I could I should have killed you both!

“I said to myself:  ’He shall not marry Suzanne, never!  He shall marry no one.  I should be too unhappy.’  And all of a sudden I began to hate him dreadfully.

“Then, dost thou know what I did?  Listen.  I had seen the gardener making little balls to kill strange dogs.  He pounded up a bottle with a stone and put the powdered glass in a little ball of meat.

“I took a little medicine bottle that mamma had; I broke it small with a hammer, and I hid the glass in my pocket.  It was a shining powder ...  The next day, as soon as you had made the little cakes ...  I split them with a knife and I put in the glass ...  He ate three of them ...  I too, I ate one ...  I threw the other six into the pond.  The two swans died three days after ...  Dost thou remember?  Oh, say nothing ... listen, listen.  I, I alone did not die ... but I have always been sick.  Listen ...  He died ­thou knowest well ... listen ... that, that is nothing.  It is afterwards, later ... always ... the worst ... listen.

“My life, all my life ... what torture!  I said to myself:  ’I will never leave my sister.  And at the hour of death I will tell her all ...’  There!  And ever since, I have always thought of that moment when I should tell thee all.  Now it is come.  It is terrible.  Oh ...  Big Sister!

“I have always thought, morning and evening, by night and by day, ’Some time I must tell her that ...’  I waited ...  What agony! ...  It is done.  Say nothing.  Now I am afraid ... am afraid ... oh, I am afraid.  If I am going to see him again, soon, when I am dead.  See him again ... think of it!  The first!  Before thou!  I shall not dare.  I must ...  I am going to die ...  I want you to forgive me.  I want it ...  I cannot go off to meet him without that.  Oh, tell her to forgive me, Monsieur lé Cure, tell her ...  I implore you to do it.  I cannot die without that....”

She was silent, and remained panting, always scratching the sheet with her withered nails.

Suzanne had hidden her face in her hands, and did not move.  She was thinking of him whom she might have loved so long!  What a good life they should have lived together!  She saw him once again in that vanished bygone time, in that old past which was put out forever.  The beloved dead ­how they tear your hearts!  Oh, that kiss, his only kiss!  She had hidden it in her soul.  And after it nothing, nothing more her whole life long!

All of a sudden the priest stood straight, and, with a strong vibrant voice, he cried: 

“Mademoiselle Suzanne, your sister is dying!”

Then Suzanne, opening her hands, showed her face soaked with tears, and throwing herself upon her sister, she kissed her with all her might, stammering: 

“I forgive thee, I forgive thee, Little One.”

The Horla, or Modern Ghosts

May 8th. What a lovely day!  I have spent all the morning lying in the grass in front of my house, under the enormous plantain tree which covers it, and shades and shelters the whole of it.  I like this part of the country and I am fond of living here because I am attached to it by deep roots, profound and delicate roots which attach a man to the soil on which his ancestors were born and died, which attach him to what people think and what they eat, to the usages as well as to the food, local expressions, the peculiar language of the peasants, to the smell of the soil, of the villages and of the atmosphere itself.

I love my house in which I grew up.  From my windows I can see the Seine which flows by the side of my garden, on the other side of the road, almost through my grounds, the great and wide Seine, which goes to Rouen and Havre, and which is covered with boats passing to and fro.

On the left, down yonder, lies Rouen, that large town with its blue roofs, under its pointed Gothic towers.  They are innumerable, delicate or broad, dominated by the spire of the cathedral, and full of bells which sound through the blue air on fine mornings, sending their sweet and distant iron clang to me; their metallic sound which the breeze wafts in my direction, now stronger and now weaker, according as the wind is stronger or lighter.

What a delicious morning it was!

About eleven o’clock, a long line of boats drawn by a steam tug, as big as a fly, and which scarcely puffed while emitting its thick smoke, passed my gate.

After two English schooners, whose red flag fluttered toward the sky, there came a magnificent Brazilian three-master; it was perfectly white and wonderfully clean and shining.  I saluted it, I hardly know why, except that the sight of the vessel gave me great pleasure.

May 12th. I have had a slight feverish attack for the last few days, and I feel ill, or rather I feel low-spirited.

Whence do these mysterious influences come, which change our happiness into discouragement, and our self-confidence into diffidence?  One might almost say that the air, the invisible air is full of unknowable Forces, whose mysterious presence we have to endure.  I wake up in the best spirits, with an inclination to sing in my throat.  Why?  I go down by the side of the water, and suddenly, after walking a short distance, I return home wretched, as if some misfortune were awaiting me there.  Why?  Is it a cold shiver which, passing over my skin, has upset my nerves and given me low spirits?  Is it the form of the clouds, or the color of the sky, or the color of the surrounding objects which is so changeable, which have troubled my thoughts as they passed before my eyes?  Who can tell?  Everything that surrounds us, everything that we see without looking at it, everything that we touch without knowing it, everything that we handle without feeling it, all that we meet without clearly distinguishing it, has a rapid, surprising and inexplicable effect upon us and upon our organs, and through them on our ideas and on our heart itself.

How profound that mystery of the Invisible is!  We cannot fathom it with our miserable senses, with our eyes which are unable to perceive what is either too small or too great, too near to, or too far from us; neither the inhabitants of a star nor of a drop of water ... with our ears that deceive us, for they transmit to us the vibrations of the air in sonorous notes.  They are fairies who work the miracle of changing that movement into noise, and by that metamorphosis give birth to music, which makes the mute agitation of nature musical ... with our sense of smell which is smaller than that of a dog ... with our sense of taste which can scarcely distinguish the age of a wine!

Oh!  If we only had other organs which would work other miracles in our favor, what a number of fresh things we might discover around us!

May 16th. I am ill, decidedly!  I was so well last month!  I am feverish, horribly feverish, or rather I am in a state of feverish enervation, which makes my mind suffer as much as my body.  I have without ceasing that horrible sensation of some danger threatening me, that apprehension of some coming misfortune or of approaching death, that presentiment which is, no doubt, an attack of some illness which is still unknown, which germinates in the flesh and in the blood.

May 18th. I have just come from consulting my medical man, for I could no longer get any sleep.  He found that my pulse was high, my eyes dilated, my nerves highly strung, but no alarming symptoms.  I must have a course of shower-baths and of bromide of potassium.

May 25th. No change!  My state is really very peculiar.  As the evening comes on, an incomprehensible feeling of disquietude seizes me, just as if night concealed some terrible menace toward me.  I dine quickly, and then try to read, but I do not understand the words, and can scarcely distinguish the letters.  Then I walk up and down my drawing-room, oppressed by a feeling of confused and irresistible fear, the fear of sleep and fear of my bed.

About ten o’clock I go up to my room.  As soon as I have got in I double lock, and bolt it:  I am frightened ­of what?  Up till the present time I have been frightened of nothing ­I open my cupboards, and look under my bed; I listen ­I listen ­to what?  How strange it is that a simple feeling of discomfort, impeded or heightened circulation, perhaps the irritation of a nervous thread, a slight congestion, a small disturbance in the imperfect and delicate functions of our living machinery, can turn the most lighthearted of men into a melancholy one, and make a coward of the bravest!  Then, I go to bed, and I wait for sleep as a man might wait for the executioner.  I wait for its coming with dread, and my heart beats and my legs tremble, while my whole body shivers beneath the warmth of the bedclothes, until the moment when I suddenly fall asleep, as one would throw oneself into a pool of stagnant water in order to drown oneself.  I do not feel coming over me, as I used to do formerly, this perfidious sleep which is close to me and watching me, which is going to seize me by the head, to close my eyes and annihilate me.

I sleep ­a long time ­two or three hours perhaps ­then a dream ­no ­a nightmare lays hold on me.  I feel that I am in bed and asleep ­I feel it and I know it ­and I feel also that somebody is coming close to me, is looking at me, touching me, is getting on to my bed, is kneeling on my chest, is taking my neck between his hands and squeezing it ­squeezing it with all his might in order to strangle me.

I struggle, bound by that terrible powerlessness which paralyzes us in our dreams; I try to cry out ­but I cannot; I want to move ­I cannot; I try, with the most violent efforts and out of breath, to turn over and throw off this being which is crushing and suffocating me ­I cannot!

And then, suddenly, I wake up, shaken and bathed in perspiration; I light a candle and find that I am alone, and after that crisis, which occurs every night, I at length fall asleep and slumber tranquilly till morning.

June 2d. My state has grown worse.  What is the matter with me?  The bromide does me no good, and the shower-baths have no effect whatever.  Sometimes, in order to tire myself out, though I am fatigued enough already, I go for a walk in the forest of Roumare.  I used to think at first that the fresh light and soft air, impregnated with the odor of herbs and leaves, would instill new blood into my veins and impart fresh energy to my heart.  I turned into a broad ride in the wood, and then I turned toward La Bouille, through a narrow path, between two rows of exceedingly tall trees, which placed a thick, green, almost black roof between the sky and me.

A sudden shiver ran through me, not a cold shiver, but a shiver of agony, and so I hastened my steps, uneasy at being alone in the wood, frightened stupidly and without reason, at the profound solitude.  Suddenly it seemed to me as if I were being followed, that somebody was walking at my heels, close, quite close to me, near enough to touch me.

I turned round suddenly, but I was alone.  I saw nothing behind me except the straight, broad ride, empty and bordered by high trees, horribly empty; on the other side it also extended until it was lost in the distance, and looked just the same, terrible.

I closed my eyes.  Why?  And then I began to turn round on one heel very quickly, just like a top.  I nearly fell down, and opened my eyes; the trees were dancing round me and the earth heaved; I was obliged to sit down.  Then, ah!  I no longer remembered how I had come!  What a strange idea!  What a strange, strange idea!  I did not the least know.  I started off to the right, and got back into the avenue which had led me into the middle of the forest.

June 3d. I have had a terrible night.  I shall go away for a few weeks, for no doubt a journey will set me up again.

July 2d. I have come back, quite cured, and have had a most delightful trip into the bargain.  I have been to Mont Saint-Michel, which I had not seen before.

What a sight, when one arrives as I did, at Avranches toward the end of the day!  The town stands on a hill, and I was taken into the public garden at the extremity of the town.  I uttered a cry of astonishment.  An extraordinarily large bay lay extended before me, as far as my eyes could reach, between two hills which were lost to sight in the mist; and in the middle of this immense yellow bay, under a clear, golden sky, a peculiar hill rose up, somber and pointed in the midst of the sand.  The sun had just disappeared, and under the still flaming sky the outline of that fantastic rock stood out, which bears on its summit a fantastic monument.

At daybreak I went to it.  The tide was low as it had been the night before, and I saw that wonderful abbey rise up before me as I approached it.  After several hours’ walking, I reached the enormous mass of rocks which supports the little town, dominated by the great church.  Having climbed the steep and narrow street, I entered the most wonderful Gothic building that has ever been built to God on earth, as large as a town, full of low rooms which seem buried beneath vaulted roofs, and lofty galleries supported by delicate columns.

I entered this gigantic granite jewel which is as light as a bit of lace, covered with towers, with slender belfries to which spiral staircases ascend, and which raise their strange heads that bristle with chimeras, with devils, with fantastic animals, with monstrous flowers, and which are joined together by finely carved arches, to the blue sky by day, and to the black sky by night.

When I had reached the summit, I said to the monk who accompanied me:  “Father, how happy you must be here!” And he replied:  “It is very windy, Monsieur;” and so we began to talk while watching the rising tide, which ran over the sand and covered it with a steel cuirass.

And then the monk told me stories, all the old stories belonging to the place, legends, nothing but legends.

One of them struck me forcibly.  The country people, those belonging to the Mornet, declare that at night one can hear talking going on in the sand, and then that one hears two goats bleat, one with a strong, the other with a weak voice.  Incredulous people declare that it is nothing but the cry of the sea birds, which occasionally resembles bleatings, and occasionally human lamentations; but belated fishermen swear that they have met an old shepherd, whose head, which is covered by his cloak, they can never see, wandering on the downs, between two tides, round the little town placed so far out of the world, and who is guiding and walking before them, a he-goat with a man’s face, and a she-goat with a woman’s face, and both of them with white hair; and talking incessantly, quarreling in a strange language, and then suddenly ceasing to talk in order to bleat with all their might.

“Do you believe it?” I asked the monk.  “I scarcely know,” he replied, and I continued:  “If there are other beings besides ourselves on this earth, how comes it that we have not known it for so long a time, or why have you not seen them?  How is it that I have not seen them?” He replied:  “Do we see the hundred thousandth part of what exists?  Look here; there is the wind, which is the strongest force in nature, which knocks down men, and blows down buildings, uproots trees, raises the sea into mountains of water, destroys cliffs and casts great ships onto the breakers; the wind which kills, which whistles, which sighs, which roars ­have you ever seen it, and can you see it?  It exists for all that, however.”

I was silent before this simple reasoning.  That man was a philosopher, or perhaps a fool; I could not say which exactly, so I held my tongue.  What he had said, had often been in my own thoughts.

July 3d. I have slept badly; certainly there is some feverish influence here, for my coachman is suffering in the same way as I am.  When I went back home yesterday, I noticed his singular paleness, and I asked him:  “What is the matter with you, Jean?” “The matter is that I never get any rest, and my nights devour my days.  Since your departure, monsieur, there has been a spell over me.”

However, the other servants are all well, but I am very frightened of having another attack, myself.

July 4th. I am decidedly taken again; for my old nightmares have returned.  Last night I felt somebody leaning on me who was sucking my life from between my lips with his mouth.  Yes, he was sucking it out of my neck, like a leech would have done.  Then he got up, satiated, and I woke up, so beaten, crushed and annihilated that I could not move.  If this continues for a few days, I shall certainly go away again.

July 5th. Have I lost my reason?  What has happened, what I saw last night, is so strange, that my head wanders when I think of it!

As I do now every evening, I had locked my door, and then, being thirsty, I drank half a glass of water, and I accidentally noticed that the water bottle was full up to the cut-glass stopper.

Then I went to bed and fell into one of my terrible sleeps, from which I was aroused in about two hours by a still more terrible shock.

Picture to yourself a sleeping man who is being murdered and who wakes up with a knife in his chest, and who is rattling in his throat, covered with blood, and who can no longer breathe, and is going to die, and does not understand anything at all about it ­there it is.

Having recovered my senses, I was thirsty again, so I lit a candle and went to the table on which my water bottle was.  I lifted it up and tilted it over my glass, but nothing came out.  It was empty!  It was completely empty!  At first I could not understand it at all, and then suddenly I was seized by such a terrible feeling that I had to sit down, or rather I fell into a chair!  Then I sprang up with a bound to look about me, and then I sat down again, overcome by astonishment and fear, in front of the transparent crystal bottle!  I looked at it with fixed eyes, trying to conjecture, and my hands trembled!  Somebody had drunk the water, but who?  I?  I without any doubt.  It could surely only be I?  In that case I was a somnambulist.  I lived, without knowing it, that double mysterious life which makes us doubt whether there are not two beings in us, or whether a strange, unknowable and invisible being does not at such moments, when our soul is in a state of torpor, animate our captive body which obeys this other being, as it does us ourselves, and more than it does ourselves.

Oh!  Who will understand my horrible agony?  Who will understand the emotion of a man who is sound in mind, wide awake, full of sound sense, and who looks in horror at the remains of a little water that has disappeared while he was asleep, through the glass of a water bottle?  And I remained there until it was daylight, without venturing to go to bed again.

July 6th. I am going mad.  Again all the contents of my water bottle have been drunk during the night ­or rather, I have drunk it!

But is it I?  Is it I?  Who could it be?  Who?  Oh!  God!  Am I going mad?  Who will save me?

July 10th. I have just been through some surprising ordeals.  Decidedly I am mad!  And yet! ­

On July 6th, before going to bed, I put some wine, milk, water, bread and strawberries on my table.  Somebody drank ­I drank ­all the water and a little of the milk, but neither the wine, bread nor the strawberries were touched.

On the seventh of July I renewed the same experiment, with the same results, and on July 8th, I left out the water and the milk and nothing was touched.

Lastly, on July 9th I put only water and milk on my table, taking care to wrap up the bottles in white muslin and to tie down the stoppers.  Then I rubbed my lips, my beard and my hands with pencil lead, and went to bed.

Irresistible sleep seized me, which was soon followed by a terrible awakening.  I had not moved, and my sheets were not marked.  I rushed to the table.  The muslin round the bottles remained intact; I undid the string, trembling with fear.  All the water had been drunk, and so had the milk!  Ah!  Great God! ­

I must start for Paris immediately.

July 12th. Paris.  I must have lost my head during the last few days!  I must be the plaything of my enervated imagination, unless I am really a somnambulist, or that I have been brought under the power of one of those influences which have been proved to exist, but which have hitherto been inexplicable, which are called suggestions.  In any case, my mental state bordered on madness, and twenty-four hours of Paris sufficed to restore me to my equilibrium.

Yesterday after doing some business and paying some visits which instilled fresh and invigorating mental air into me, I wound up my evening at the Theatre Francais.  A play by Alexandre Dumas the Younger was being acted, and his active and powerful mind completed my cure.  Certainly solitude is dangerous for active minds.  We require men who can think and can talk, around us.  When we are alone for a long time we people space with phantoms.

I returned along the boulevards to my hotel in excellent spirits.  Amid the jostling of the crowd I thought, not without irony, of my terrors and surmises of the previous week, because I believed, yes, I believed, that an invisible being lived beneath my roof.  How weak our head is, and how quickly it is terrified and goes astray, as soon, as we are struck by a small, incomprehensible fact.

Instead of concluding with these simple words:  “I do not understand because the cause escapes me,” we immediately imagine terrible mysteries and supernatural powers.

July 14th. Fête of the Republic.  I walked through the streets, and the crackers and flags amused me like a child.  Still it is very foolish to be merry on a fixed date, by a Government decree.  The populace is an imbecile flock of sheep, now steadily patient, and now in ferocious revolt.  Say to it:  “Amuse yourself,” and it amuses itself.  Say to it:  “Go and fight with your neighbor,” and it goes and fights.  Say to it:  “Vote for the Emperor,” and it votes for the Emperor, and then say to it:  “Vote for the Republic,” and it votes for the Republic.

Those who direct it are also stupid; but instead of obeying men they obey principles, which can only be stupid, sterile, and false, for the very reason that they are principles, that is to say, ideas which are considered as certain and unchangeable, in this world where one is certain of nothing, since light is an illusion and noise is an illusion.

July 16th. I saw some things yesterday that troubled me very much.

I was dining at my cousin’s Madame Sable, whose husband is colonel of the 76th Chasseurs at Limoges.  There were two young women there, one of whom had married a medical man, Dr. Parent, who devotes himself a great deal to nervous diseases and the extraordinary manifestations to which at this moment experiments in hypnotism and suggestion give rise.

He related to us at some length, the enormous results obtained by English scientists and the doctors of the medical school at Nancy, and the facts which he adduced appeared to me so strange, that I declared that I was altogether incredulous.

“We are,” he declared, “on the point of discovering one of the most important secrets of nature, I mean to say, one of its most important secrets on this earth, for there are certainly some which are of a different kind of importance up in the stars, yonder.  Ever since man has thought, since he has been able to express and write down his thoughts, he has felt himself close to a mystery which is impenetrable to his coarse and imperfect senses, and he endeavors to supplement the want of power of his organs by the efforts of his intellect.  As long as that intellect still remained in its elementary stage, this intercourse with invisible spirits assumed forms which were commonplace though terrifying.  Thence sprang the popular belief in the supernatural, the legends of wandering spirits, of fairies, of gnomes, ghosts, I might even say the legend of God, for our conceptions of the workman-creator, from whatever religion they may have come down to us, are certainly the most mediocre, the stupidest and the most unacceptable inventions that ever sprang from the frightened brain of any human creatures.  Nothing is truer than what Voltaire says:  ’God made man in His own image, but man has certainly paid Him back again.’

“But for rather more than a century, men seem to have had a presentiment of something new.  Mesmer and some others have put us on an unexpected track, and especially within the last two or three years, we have arrived at really surprising results.”

My cousin, who is also very incredulous, smiled, and Dr. Parent said to her:  “Would you like me to try and send you to sleep, Madame?” “Yes, certainly.”

She sat down in an easy-chair, and he began to look at her fixedly, so as to fascinate her.  I suddenly felt myself somewhat uncomfortable, with a beating heart and a choking feeling in my throat.  I saw that Madame Sable’s eyes were growing heavy, her mouth twitched and her bosom heaved, and at the end of ten minutes she was asleep.

“Stand behind her,” the doctor said to me, and so I took a seat behind her.  He put a visiting card into her hands, and said to her:  “This is a looking-glass; what do you see in it?” And she replied:  “I see my cousin.”  “What is he doing?” “He is twisting his mustache.”  “And now?” “He is taking a photograph out of his pocket.”  “Whose photograph is it?” “His own.”

That was true, and that photograph had been given me that same evening at the hotel.

“What is his attitude in this portrait?” “He is standing up with his hat in his hand.”

So she saw on that card, on that piece of white pasteboard, as if she had seen it in a looking glass.

The young women were frightened, and exclaimed:  “That is quite enough!  Quite, quite enough!”

But the doctor said to her authoritatively:  “You will get up at eight o’clock to-morrow morning; then you will go and call on your cousin at his hotel and ask him to lend you five thousand francs which your husband demands of you, and which he will ask for when he sets out on his coming journey.”

Then he woke her up.

On returning to my hotel, I thought over this curious séance and I was assailed by doubts, not as to my cousin’s absolute and undoubted good faith, for I had known her as well as if she had been my own sister ever since she was a child, but as to a possible trick on the doctor’s part.  Had not he, perhaps, kept a glass hidden in his hand, which he showed to the young woman in her sleep, at the same time as he did the card?  Professional conjurers do things which are just as singular.

So I went home and to bed, and this morning, at about half-past eight, I was awakened by my footman, who said to me:  “Madame Sable has asked to see you immediately, Monsieur,” so I dressed hastily and went to her.

She sat down in some agitation, with her eyes on the floor, and without raising her veil she said to me:  “My dear cousin, I am going to ask a great favor of you.”  “What is it, cousin?” “I do not like to tell you, and yet I must.  I am in absolute want of five thousand francs.”  “What, you?” “Yes, I, or rather my husband, who has asked me to procure them for him.”

I was so stupefied that I stammered out my answers.  I asked myself whether she had not really been making fun of me with Doctor Parent, if it were not merely a very well-acted farce which had been got up beforehand.  On looking at her attentively, however, my doubts disappeared.  She was trembling with grief, so painful was this step to her, and I was sure that her throat was full of sobs.

I knew that she was very rich and so I continued:  “What!  Has not your husband five thousand francs at his disposal!  Come, think.  Are you sure that he commissioned you to ask me for them?”

She hesitated for a few seconds, as if she were making a great effort to search her memory, and then she replied:  “Yes ... yes, I am quite sure of it.”  “He has written to you?”

She hesitated again and reflected, and I guessed the torture of her thoughts.  She did not know.  She only knew that she was to borrow five thousand francs of me for her husband.  So she told a lie.  “Yes, he has written to me.”  “When, pray?  You did not mention it to me yesterday.”  “I received his letter this morning.”  “Can you show it me?” “No; no ... no ... it contained private matters ... things too personal to ourselves....  I burnt it.”  “So your husband runs into debt?”

She hesitated again, and then murmured:  “I do not know.”  Thereupon I said bluntly:  “I have not five thousand francs at my disposal at this moment, my dear cousin.”

She uttered a kind of cry as if she were in pain and said:  “Oh! oh!  I beseech you, I beseech you to get them for me....”

She got excited and clasped her hands as if she were praying to me!  I heard her voice change its tone; she wept and stammered, harassed and dominated by the irresistible order that she had received.

“Oh! oh!  I beg you to ... if you knew what I am suffering....  I want them to-day.”

I had pity on her:  “You shall have them by and by, I swear to you.”  “Oh! thank you! thank you!  How kind you are!”

I continued:  “Do you remember what took place at your house last night?” “Yes.”  “Do you remember that Doctor Parent sent you to sleep?” “Yes.”  “Oh!  Very well then; he ordered you to come to me this morning to borrow five thousand francs, and at this moment you are obeying that suggestion.”

She considered for a few moments, and then replied: 

“But as it is my husband who wants them....”

For a whole hour I tried to convince her, but could not succeed, and when she had gone I went to the doctor.  He was just going out, and he listened to me with a smile, and said:  “Do you believe now?” “Yes, I cannot help it.”  “Let us go to your cousin’s.”

She was already dozing on a couch, overcome with fatigue.  The doctor felt her pulse, looked at her for some time with one hand raised toward her eyes which she closed by degrees under the irresistible power of this magnetic influence, and when she was asleep, he said: 

“Your husband does not require the five thousand francs any longer!  You must, therefore, forget that you asked your cousin to lend them to you, and, if he speaks to you about it, you will not understand him.”

Then he woke her up, and I took out a pocketbook and said:  “Here is what you asked me for this morning, my dear cousin.”  But she was so surprised that I did not venture to persist; nevertheless, I tried to recall the circumstance to her, but she denied it vigorously, thought that I was making fun of her, and in the end very nearly lost her temper.

There!  I have just come back, and I have not been able to eat any lunch, for this experiment has altogether upset me.

July 19th. Many people to whom I have told the adventure have laughed at me.  I no longer know what to think.  The wise man says:  Perhaps?

July 21st. I dined at Bougival, and then I spent the evening at a boatmen’s ball.  Decidedly everything depends on place and surroundings.  It would be the height of folly to believe in the supernatural on the île de la Grenouilliere ... but on the top of Mont Saint-Michel? ... and in India?  We are terribly under the influence of our surroundings.  I shall return home next week.

July 30th. I came back to my own house yesterday.  Everything is going on well.

August 2d. Nothing fresh; it is splendid weather, and I spend my days in watching the Seine flow past.

August 4th. Quarrels among my servants.  They declare that the glasses are broken in the cupboards at night.  The footman accuses the cook, who accuses the needlewoman, who accuses the other two.  Who is the culprit?  A clever person, to be able to tell.

August 6th. This time I am not mad.  I have seen ...  I have seen ...  I have seen!...  I can doubt no longer ...  I have seen it!...

I was walking at two o’clock among my rose trees, in the full sunlight ... in the walk bordered by autumn roses which are beginning to fall.  As I stopped to look at a Geant de Bataille, which had three splendid blooms, I distinctly saw the stalk of one of the roses bend, close to me, as if an invisible hand had bent it, and then break, as if that hand had picked it!  Then the flower raised itself, following the curve which a hand would have described in carrying it toward a mouth, and it remained suspended in the transparent air, all alone and motionless, a terrible red spot, three yards from my eyes.  In desperation I rushed at it to take it!  I found nothing; it had disappeared.  Then I was seized with furious rage against myself, for it is not allowable for a reasonable and serious man to have such hallucinations.

But was it a hallucination?  I turned round to look for the stalk, and I found it immediately under the bush, freshly broken, between two other roses which remained on the branch, and I returned home then, with a much disturbed mind; for I am certain now, as certain as I am of the alternation of day and night, that there exists close to me an invisible being that lives on milk and on water, which can touch objects, take them and change their places; which is, consequently, endowed with a material nature, although it is imperceptible to our senses, and which lives as I do, under my roof....

August 7th.  I slept tranquilly.  He drank the water out of my decanter, but did not disturb my sleep.

I ask myself whether I am mad.  As I was walking just now in the sun by the riverside, doubts as to my own sanity arose in me; not vague doubts such as I have had hitherto, but precise and absolute doubts.  I have seen mad people, and I have known some who have been quite intelligent, lucid, even clear-sighted in every concern of life, except on one point.  They spoke clearly, readily, profoundly on everything, when suddenly their thoughts struck upon the breakers of their madness and broke to pieces there, and were dispersed and foundered in that furious and terrible sea, full of bounding waves, fogs and squalls, which is called madness.

I certainly should think that I was mad, absolutely mad, if I were not conscious, did not perfectly know my state, if I did fathom it by analyzing it with the most complete lucidity.  I should, in fact, be a reasonable man who was laboring under a hallucination.  Some unknown disturbance must have been excited in my brain, one of those disturbances which physiologists of the present day try to note and to fix precisely, and that disturbance must have caused a profound gulf in my mind and in the order and logic of my ideas.  Similar phenomena occur in the dreams which lead us through the most unlikely phantasmagoria, without causing us any surprise, because our verifying apparatus and our sense of control has gone to sleep, while our imaginative faculty wakes and works.  Is it not possible that one of the imperceptible keys of the cerebral finger-board has been paralyzed in me?  Some men lose the recollection of proper names, or of verbs or of numbers or merely of dates, in consequence of an accident.  The localization of all the particles of thought has been proved nowadays; what then would there be surprising in the fact that my faculty of controlling the unreality of certain hallucinations should be destroyed for the time being!

I thought of all this as I walked by the side of the water.  The sun was shining brightly on the river and made earth delightful, while it filled my looks with love for life, for the swallows, whose agility is always delightful in my eyes, for the plants by the riverside, whose rustling is a pleasure to my ears.

By degrees, however, an inexplicable feeling of discomfort seized me.  It seemed to me as if some unknown force were numbing and stopping me, were preventing me from going farther and were calling me back.  I felt that painful wish to return which oppresses you when you have left a beloved invalid at home, and when you are seized by a presentiment that he is worse.

I, therefore, returned in spite of myself, feeling certain that I should find some bad news awaiting me, a letter or a telegram.  There was nothing, however, and I was more surprised and uneasy than if I had had another fantastic vision.

August 8th. I spent a terrible evening yesterday.  He does not show himself any more, but I feel that he is near me, watching me, looking at me, penetrating me, dominating me and more redoubtable when he hides himself thus, than if he were to manifest his constant and invisible presence by supernatural phenomena.  However, I slept.

August 9th. Nothing, but I am afraid.

August 10th. Nothing; what will happen to-morrow?

August 11th. Still nothing; I cannot stop at home with this fear hanging over me and these thoughts in my mind; I shall go away.

August 12th. Ten o’clock at night.  All day long I have been trying to get away, and have not been able.  I wished to accomplish this simple and easy act of liberty ­go out ­get into my carriage in order to go to Rouen ­and I have not been able to do it.  What is the reason?

August 13th. When one is attacked by certain maladies, all the springs of our physical being appear to be broken, all our energies destroyed, all our muscles relaxed, our bones to have become as soft as our flesh, and our blood as liquid as water.  I am experiencing that in my moral being in a strange and distressing manner.  I have no longer any strength, any courage, any self-control, nor even any power to set my own will in motion.  I have no power left to will anything, but some one does it for me and I obey.

August 14th. I am lost!  Somebody possesses my soul and governs it!  Somebody orders all my acts, all my movements, all my thoughts.  I am no longer anything in myself, nothing except an enslaved and terrified spectator of all the things which I do.  I wish to go out; I cannot.  He does not wish to, and so I remain, trembling and distracted in the armchair in which he keeps me sitting.  I merely wish to get up and to rouse myself, so as to think that I am still master of myself:  I cannot!  I am riveted to my chair, and my chair adheres to the ground in such a manner that no force could move us.

Then suddenly, I must, I must go to the bottom of my garden to pick some strawberries and eat them, and I go there.  I pick the strawberries and I eat them!  Oh! my God! my God!  Is there a God?  If there be one, deliver me! save me! succor me!  Pardon!  Pity!  Mercy!  Save me!  Oh! what sufferings! what torture! what horror!

August 15th. Certainly this is the way in which my poor cousin was possessed and swayed, when she came to borrow five thousand francs of me.  She was under the power of a strange will which had entered into her, like another soul, like another parasitic and ruling soul.  Is the world coming to an end?

But who is he, this invisible being that rules me?  This unknowable being, this rover of a supernatural race?

Invisible beings exist, then!  How is it then that since the beginning of the world they have never manifested themselves in such a manner precisely as they do to me?  I have never read anything which resembles what goes on in my house.  Oh!  If I could only leave it, if I could only go away and flee, so as never to return, I should be saved; but I cannot.

August 16th.  I managed to escape to-day for two hours, like a prisoner who finds the door of his dungeon accidentally open.  I suddenly felt that I was free and that he was far away, and so I gave orders to put the horses in as quickly as possible, and I drove to Rouen.  Oh!  How delightful to be able to say to a man who obeyed you:  “Go to Rouen!”

I made him pull up before the library, and I begged them to lend me Dr. Herrmann Herestauss’s treatise on the unknown inhabitants of the ancient and modern world.

Then, as I was getting into my carriage, I intended to say:  “To the railway station!” but instead of this I shouted ­I did not say, but I shouted ­in such a loud voice that all the passers-by turned round:  “Home!” and I fell back onto the cushion of my carriage, overcome by mental agony.  He had found me out and regained possession of me.

August 17th.  Oh!  What a night! what a night!  And yet it seems to me that I ought to rejoice.  I read until one o’clock in the morning!  Herestauss, Doctor of Philosophy and Theogony, wrote the history and the manifestation of all those invisible beings which hover around man, or of whom he dreams.  He describes their origin, their domains, their power; but none of them resembles the one which haunts me.  One might say that man, ever since he has thought, has had a foreboding of, and feared a new being, stronger than himself, his successor in this world, and that, feeling him near, and not being able to foretell the nature of that master, he has, in his terror, created the whole race of hidden beings, of vague phantoms born of fear.

Having, therefore, read until one o’clock in the morning, I went and sat down at the open window, in order to cool my forehead and my thoughts, in the calm night air.  It was very pleasant and warm!  How I should have enjoyed such a night formerly!

There was no moon, but the stars darted out their rays in the dark heavens.  Who inhabits those worlds?  What forms, what living beings, what animals are there yonder?  What do those who are thinkers in those distant worlds know more than we do?  What can they do more than we can?  What do they see which we do not know?  Will not one of them, some day or other, traversing space, appear on our earth to conquer it, just as the Norsemen formerly crossed the sea in order to subjugate nations more feeble than themselves?

We are so weak, so unarmed, so ignorant, so small, we who live on this particle of mud which turns round in a drop of water.

I fell asleep, dreaming thus in the cool night air, and then, having slept for about three quarters of an hour, I opened my eyes without moving, awakened by I know not what confused and strange sensation.  At first I saw nothing, and then suddenly it appeared to me as if a page of a book which had remained open on my table, turned over of its own accord.  Not a breath of air had come in at my window, and I was surprised and waited.  In about four minutes, I saw, I saw, yes I saw with my own eyes another page lift itself up and fall down on the others, as if a finger had turned it over.  My armchair was empty, appeared empty, but I knew that he was there, he, and sitting in my place, and that he was reading.  With a furious bound, the bound of an enraged wild beast that wishes to disembowel its tamer, I crossed my room to seize him, to strangle him, to kill him!...  But before I could reach it, my chair fell over as if somebody had run away from me ... my table rocked, my lamp fell and went out, and my window closed as if some thief had been surprised and had fled out into the night, shutting it behind him.

So he had run away:  he had been afraid; he, afraid of me!

So ... so ... to-morrow ... or later ... some day or other ...  I should be able to hold him in my clutches and crush him against the ground!  Do not dogs occasionally bite and strangle their masters?

August 18th. I have been thinking the whole day long.  Oh! yes, I will obey him, follow his impulses, fulfill all his wishes, show myself humble, submissive, a coward.  He is the stronger; but an hour will come....

August 19th.  I know, ...  I know ...  I know all!  I have just read the following in the Revue du Monde Scientifique:  “A curious piece of news comes to us from Rio de Janeiro.  Madness, an epidemic of madness, which may be compared to that contagious madness which attacked the people of Europe in the Middle Ages, is at this moment raging in the Province of San-Paulo.  The frightened inhabitants are leaving their houses, deserting their villages, abandoning their land, saying that they are pursued, possessed, governed like human cattle by invisible, though tangible beings, a species of vampire, which feed on their life while they are asleep, and who, besides, drink water and milk without appearing to touch any other nourishment.

“Professor Dom Pedro Henriques, accompanied by several medical savants, has gone to the Province of San-Paulo, in order to study the origin and the manifestations of this surprising madness on the spot, and to propose such measures to the Emperor as may appear to him to be most fitted to restore the mad population to reason.”

Ah!  Ah!  I remember now that fine Brazilian three-master which passed in front of my windows as it was going up the Seine, on the 8th of last May!  I thought it looked so pretty, so white and bright!  That Being was on board of her, coming from there, where its race sprang from.  And it saw me!  It saw my house which was also white, and it sprang from the ship onto the land.  Oh!  Good heavens!

Now I know, I can divine.  The reign of man is over, and he has come.  He whom disquieted priests exorcised, whom sorcerers evoked on dark nights, without yet seeing him appear, to whom the presentiments of the transient masters of the world lent all the monstrous or graceful forms of gnomes, spirits, genii, fairies, and familiar spirits.  After the coarse conceptions of primitive fear, more clear-sighted men foresaw it more clearly.  Mesmer divined him, and ten years ago physicians accurately discovered the nature of his power, even before he exercised it himself.  They played with that weapon of their new Lord, the sway of a mysterious will over the human soul, which had become enslaved.  They called it magnetism, hypnotism, suggestion ... what do I know?  I have seen them amusing themselves like impudent children with this horrible power!  Woe to us!  Woe to man!  He has come, the ... the ... what does he call himself ... the ...  I fancy that he is shouting out his name to me and I do not hear him ... the ... yes ... he is shouting it out ...  I am listening ...  I cannot ... repeat ... it ...  Horla ...  I have heard ... the Horla ... it is he ... the Horla ... he has come!...

Ah! the vulture has eaten the pigeon, the wolf has eaten the lamb; the lion has devoured the buffalo with sharp horns; man has killed the lion with an arrow, with a sword, with gunpowder; but the Horla will make of man what we have made of the horse and of the ox:  his chattel, his slave and his food, by the mere power of his will.  Woe to us!

But, nevertheless, the animal sometimes revolts and kills the man who has subjugated it....  I should also like ...  I shall be able to ... but I must know him, touch him, see him!  Learned men say that beasts’ eyes, as they differ from ours, do not distinguish like ours do ...  And my eye cannot distinguish this newcomer who is oppressing me.

Why?  Oh!  Now I remember the words of the monk at Mont Saint-Michel:  “Can we see the hundred-thousandth part of what exists?  Look here; there is the wind which is the strongest force in nature, which knocks men, and blows down buildings, uproots trees, raises the sea into mountains of water, destroys cliffs and casts great ships onto the breakers; the wind which kills, which whistles, which sighs, which roars ­have you ever seen it, and can you see it?  It exists for all that, however!”

And I went on thinking:  my eyes are so weak, so imperfect, that they do not even distinguish hard bodies, if they are as transparent as glass!...  If a glass without tinfoil behind it were to bar my way, I should run into it, just as a bird which has flown into a room breaks its head against the window panes.  A thousand things, moreover, deceive him and lead him astray.  How should it then be surprising that he cannot perceive a fresh body which is traversed by the light?

A new being!  Why not?  It was assuredly bound to come!  Why should we be the last?  We do not distinguish it, like all the others created before us.  The reason is, that its nature is more perfect, its body finer and more finished than ours, that ours is so weak, so awkwardly conceived, encumbered with organs that are always tired, always on the strain like locks that are too complicated, which lives like a plant and like a beast, nourishing itself with difficulty on air, herbs and flesh, an animal machine which is a prey to maladies, to malformations, to decay; broken-winded, badly regulated, simple and eccentric, ingeniously badly made, a coarse and a delicate work, the outline of a being which might become intelligent and grand.

We are only a few, so few in this world, from the oyster up to man.  Why should there not be one more, when once that period is accomplished which separates the successive apparitions from all the different species?

Why not one more?  Why not, also, other trees with immense, splendid flowers, perfuming whole regions?  Why not other elements besides fire, air, earth and water?  There are four, only four, those nursing fathers of various beings!  What a pity!  Why are they not forty, four hundred, four thousand!  How poor everything is, how mean and wretched! grudgingly given, dryly invented, clumsily made!  Ah! the elephant and the hippopotamus, what grace!  And the camel, what elegance!

But, the butterfly you will say, a flying flower!  I dream of one that should be as large as a hundred worlds, with wings whose shape, beauty, colors, and motion I cannot even express.  But I see it ... it flutters from star to star, refreshing them and perfuming them with the light and harmonious breath of its flight!...  And the people up there look at it as it passes in an ecstasy of delight!...

What is the matter with me?  It is he, the Horla who haunts me, and who makes me think of these foolish things!  He is within me, he is becoming my soul; I shall kill him!

August 19th. I shall kill him.  I have seen him!  Yesterday I sat down at my table and pretended to write very assiduously.  I knew quite well that he would come prowling round me, quite close to me, so close that I might perhaps be able to touch him, to seize him.  And then!... then I should have the strength of desperation; I should have my hands, my knees, my chest, my forehead, my teeth to strangle him, to crush him, to bite him, to tear him to pieces.  And I watched for him with all my overexcited organs.

I had lighted my two lamps and the eight wax candles on my mantelpiece, as if by this light I could have discovered him.

My bed, my old oak bed with its columns, was opposite to me; on my right was the fireplace; on my left the door which was carefully closed, after I had left it open for some time, in order to attract him; behind me was a very high wardrobe with a looking-glass in it, which served me to make my toilet every day, and in which I was in the habit of looking at myself from head to foot every time I passed it.

So I pretended to be writing in order to deceive him, for he also was watching me, and suddenly I felt, I was certain that he was reading over my shoulder, that he was there, almost touching my ear.

I got up so quickly, with my hands extended, that I almost fell.  Eh! well?...  It was as bright as at midday, but I did not see myself in the glass!...  It was empty, clear, profound, full of light!  But my figure was not reflected in it ... and I, I was opposite to it!  I saw the large, clear glass from top to bottom, and I looked at it with unsteady eyes; and I did not dare to advance; I did not venture to make a movement, nevertheless, feeling perfectly that he was there, but that he would escape me again, he whose imperceptible body had absorbed my reflection.

How frightened I was!  And then suddenly I began to see myself through a mist in the depths of the looking-glass, in a mist as it were through a sheet of water; and it seemed to me as if this water were flowing slowly from left to right, and making my figure clearer every moment.  It was like the end of an eclipse.  Whatever it was that hid me, did not appear to possess any clearly defined outlines, but a sort of opaque transparency, which gradually grew clearer.

At last I was able to distinguish myself completely, as I do every day when I look at myself.

I had seen it!  And the horror of it remained with me and makes me shudder even now.

August 20th.  How could I kill it, as I could not get hold of it?  Poison?  But it would see me mix it with the water; and then, would our poisons have any effect on its impalpable body?  No ... no ... no doubt about the matter....  Then?... then?...

August 21st.  I sent for a blacksmith from Rouen, and ordered iron shutters of him for my room, such as some private hotels in Paris have on the ground floor, for fear of thieves, and he is going to make me a similar door as well.  I have made myself out as a coward, but I do not care about that!...

September 10th.  Rouen, Hotel Continental.  It is done; ... it is done ... but is he dead?  My mind is thoroughly upset by what I have seen.

Well, then, yesterday the locksmith having put on the iron shutters and door, I left everything open until midnight, although it was getting cold.

Suddenly I felt that he was there, and joy, mad joy, took possession of me.  I got up softly, and I walked to the right and left for some time, so that he might not guess anything; then I took off my boots and put on my slippers carelessly; then I fastened the iron shutters and going back to the door quickly I double-locked it with a padlock, putting the key into my pocket.

Suddenly I noticed that he was moving restlessly round me, that in his turn he was frightened and was ordering me to let him out.  I nearly yielded, though I did not yet, but putting my back to the door I half opened it, just enough to allow me to go out backward, and as I am very tall, my head touched the lintel.  I was sure that he had not been able to escape, and I shut him up quite alone, quite alone.  What happiness!  I had him fast.  Then I ran downstairs; in the drawing-room, which was under my bedroom, I took the two lamps and I poured all the oil onto the carpet, the furniture, everywhere; then I set fire to it and made my escape, after having carefully double-locked the door.

I went and hid myself at the bottom of the garden in a clump of laurel bushes.  How long it was! how long it was!  Everything was dark, silent, motionless, not a breath of air and not a star, but heavy banks of clouds which one could not see, but which weighed, oh! so heavily on my soul.

I looked at my house and waited.  How long it was!  I already began to think that the fire had gone out of its own accord, or that he had extinguished it, when one of the lower windows gave way under the violence of the flames, and a long, soft, caressing sheet of red flame mounted up the white wall and kissed it as high as the roof.  The light fell onto the trees, the branches, and the leaves, and a shiver of fear pervaded them also!  The birds awoke; a dog began to howl, and it seemed to me as if the day were breaking!  Almost immediately two other windows flew into fragments, and I saw that the whole of the lower part of my house was nothing but a terrible furnace.  But a cry, a horrible, shrill, heartrending cry, a woman’s cry, sounded through the night, and two garret windows were opened!  I had forgotten the servants!  I saw the terrorstruck faces, and their frantically waving arms!...

Then, overwhelmed with horror, I set off to run to the village, shouting:  “Help! help! fire! fire!” I met some people who were already coming onto the scene, and I went back with them to see!

By this time the house was nothing but a horrible and magnificent funeral pile, a monstrous funeral pile which lit up the whole country, a funeral pile where men were burning, and where he was burning also, He, He, my prisoner, that new Being, the new master, the Horla!

Suddenly the whole roof fell in between the walls, and a volcano of flames darted up to the sky.  Through all the windows which opened onto that furnace I saw the flames darting, and I thought that he was there, in that kiln, dead.

Dead? perhaps?...  His body?  Was not his body, which was transparent, indestructible by such means as would kill ours?

If he was not dead?...  Perhaps time alone has power over that Invisible and Redoubtable Being.  Why this transparent, unrecognizable body, this body belonging to a spirit, if it also had to fear ills, infirmities and premature destruction?

Premature destruction?  All human terror springs from that!  After man the Horla.  After him who can die every day, at any hour, at any moment, by any accident, he came who was only to die at his own proper hour and minute, because he had touched the limits of his existence!

No ... no ... without any doubt ... he is not dead.  Then ... then ...  I suppose I must kill myself!

Medical science defines in such cases “an image of memory which differs in intensity from the normal” ­that is to say, a fixed idea so persistent and growing that to the thinker it seems utterly real.

     ­EDITOR.